Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024 Sep 1;95(9):675-682. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.6416.2024.
Military aviation poses unique occupational risks, including exposures to intermittent hypoxia, high gravitational force, and toxic materials, in addition to circadian disruption, cosmic radiation, and ergonomic stressors also present in commercial flight. We sought to investigate whether a military aviation officer's career is associated with adverse maternal or fetal health outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of female aviation and nonaviation officers in the Military Health System from October 2002 to December 2019. Exposure was identified as assignment of an aviation occupation code. Maternal and fetal health outcomes were identified by International Classification of Diseases codes from medical records. Regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRR). Included in the study were 25,929 active-duty female officers, with 46,323 recorded pregnancies and 32,853 recorded deliveries; 2131 pregnancies were diagnosed in aviation officers. Pregnant aviation officers had a decreased risk of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes [aRR 0.82 (0.73-0.92)], including gestational diabetes [aRR 0.69 (0.57-0.85)] and gestational hypertension [aRR 0.84 (0.71-0.99)]. Pregnant aviation officers had a decreased risk of depression prior to delivery [aRR 0.43 (0.35-0.53)] and hyperemesis gravidarum [aRR 0.74 (0.57-0.96)], but an increased risk of placental complications [aRR 1.15 (1.02-1.30)] and fetal growth restriction [aRR 1.36 (1.16-1.60)]. Pregnant military aviation officers have an increased risk of placental complications and fetal growth restriction in spite of a lower risk of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension. Further research is needed to determine how flight-related occupations impact pregnancy.
军事航空带来独特的职业风险，除了昼夜节律紊乱、宇宙辐射和工效学压力源外，还包括间歇性缺氧、高重力和有毒物质。我们试图研究军事航空军官的职业生涯是否与不良的母婴健康结局有关。我们对 2002 年 10 月至 2019 年 12 月期间军事卫生系统中的女性航空和非航空军官进行了回顾性队列研究。暴露被确定为分配航空职业代码。通过医疗记录中的国际疾病分类代码确定母婴健康结局。回归分析用于估计调整后的相对风险（aRR）。该研究纳入了 25929 名现役女性军官，其中有 46323 例记录妊娠和 32853 例记录分娩；2131 例妊娠在航空军官中被诊断。怀孕的航空军官发生复合不良妊娠结局的风险降低[aRR 0.82（0.73-0.92）]，包括妊娠期糖尿病[aRR 0.69（0.57-0.85）]和妊娠期高血压[aRR 0.84（0.71-0.99）]。怀孕的航空军官在分娩前发生抑郁的风险降低[aRR 0.43（0.35-0.53）]和妊娠剧吐[aRR 0.74（0.57-0.96）]，但胎盘并发症的风险增加[aRR 1.15（1.02-1.30）]和胎儿生长受限[aRR 1.36（1.16-1.60）]。尽管妊娠糖尿病和妊娠期高血压的风险较低，但怀孕的军事航空军官仍有发生胎盘并发症和胎儿生长受限的风险增加。需要进一步研究飞行相关职业如何影响妊娠。
