Xu Rongrong, Liu Yali, Cui Hongmei, Xu Xinin, Wang Fang, Meng Zhaoyan, Liu Qing
Obstetrics Unit I, Maternity and Child-care Hospital of Gansu Province, No. 143 North Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, 730050, Gansu Province, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18 Tianshui Middle Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 5;10(15):e35628. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35628. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
The association between maternal fruit consumption and fetal growth remains inconsistent. The current study aimed to determine whether maternal fruit consumption was associated with low birth weight (LBW) or small for gestational age (SGA) babies.
A large birth cohort study was conducted in Lanzhou, China, from 2010 to 2012 and included 10,076 pregnant women at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy for analysis. Fruit consumption in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy was measured by a self-designed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and divided into three groups: 1) inadequate fruit consumption: <200 g/d for the1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester; 2) adequate fruit consumption: 200-350 g/d for the 1st trimester or 200-400 g/d for the 2nd and 3rd trimester; 3) excessive fruit consumption: >350 g/d for the 1st trimester or > 400 g/d for the 2nd and 3rd trimester. A case-control study was used to analyze the association between fruit intake during pregnancy and low birth weight infants.
Compared to adequate fruit consumption, excessive fruit consumption throughout each trimester of pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of LBW, with an odds ratio (OR) ranging from 0.70 to 0.79 (95 % confidence interval, CI: 0.57-0.98); while inadequate fruit consumption was associated with a higher risk of infant LBW, with an OR ranging from 1.26 to 1.36 (95%CI: 1.04-1.66). After stratifying by mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), the results were similar among women with underweight BMI. No significance was found between fruit consumption and SGA in the general population. Still, stratified analyses showed that inadequate fruit consumption was associated with an increased risk of SGA in underweight mothers, with an OR ranging from 1.66 to 1.79 (95%CI: 1.13-2.64).
Fruit consumption during pregnancy reduces the risk of LBW in Chinese women, especially in women with low pre-pregnancy BMI.
母亲水果摄入量与胎儿生长之间的关联仍不一致。本研究旨在确定母亲水果摄入量是否与低出生体重（LBW）或小于胎龄（SGA）婴儿有关。
2010年至2012年在中国兰州进行了一项大型出生队列研究，纳入了10,076名处于妊娠第一、第二和第三孕期的孕妇进行分析。通过自行设计的食物频率问卷（FFQ）测量妊娠第一、第二和第三孕期的水果摄入量，并分为三组：1）水果摄入不足：第一、第二和第三孕期均<200克/天；2）水果摄入充足：第一孕期200 - 350克/天或第二和第三孕期200 - 400克/天；3）水果摄入过量：第一孕期>350克/天或第二和第三孕期>400克/天。采用病例对照研究分析孕期水果摄入量与低出生体重婴儿之间的关联。
与水果摄入充足相比，整个孕期各阶段水果摄入过量与低出生体重风险较低相关，比值比（OR）范围为0.70至0.79（95%置信区间，CI：0.57 - 0.98）；而水果摄入不足与婴儿低出生体重风险较高相关，OR范围为1.26至1.36（95%CI：1.04 - 1.66）。按母亲孕前体重指数（BMI）分层后，体重过轻的女性结果相似。在一般人群中，水果摄入量与小于胎龄儿之间未发现显著差异。然而，分层分析显示，水果摄入不足与体重过轻母亲的小于胎龄儿风险增加相关，OR范围为1.66至1.79（95%CI：1.13 - 2.64）。
孕期水果摄入可降低中国女性低出生体重的风险，尤其是孕前BMI较低的女性。
