Ku Benson S, Yuan Qingyue, Arias-Magnasco Angelo, Lin Bochao D, Walker Elaine F, Druss Benjamin G, Ren Jiyuan, van Os Jim, Guloksuz Sinan
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Schizophr Bull. 2024 Aug 22. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbae141.
Persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences (PLE) are associated with impaired functioning and future psychopathology. Prior research suggests that physical activities may be protective against psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether physical activities may interact with genetics in the development of psychosis.
This study included 4679 participants of European ancestry from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Persistent distressing PLE was derived from the Prodromal-Questionnaire-Brief Child Version using four years of data. Generalized linear mixed models tested the association between polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ), physical activities, and PLE. The models adjusted for age, sex, parental education, income-to-needs ratio, family history of psychosis, body mass index, puberty status, principal components for PRS-SCZ, study site, and family.
PRS-SCZ was associated with a greater risk for persistent distressing PLE (adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.14, 95% CI [1.04, 1.24], P = .003). Physical activity was associated with less risk for persistent distressing PLE (adjusted RRR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.79, 0.96], P = .008). Moreover, physical activities moderated the association between PRS-SCZ and persistent distressing PLE (adjusted RRR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.81, 0.98], P = .015), such that the association was weaker as participants had greater participation in physical activities.
These findings demonstrate that the interaction between genetic liability and physical activities is associated with trajectories of distressing PLE. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of physical activities and genetic liability for schizophrenia in the development of psychosis.
持续性痛苦的类精神病体验（PLE）与功能受损及未来精神病理学相关。先前的研究表明，体育活动可能对精神病理学具有保护作用。然而，尚不清楚体育活动在精神病的发展过程中是否会与基因相互作用。
本研究纳入了来自青少年大脑认知发展研究的4679名欧洲血统参与者。持续性痛苦的PLE是根据前驱问卷简版儿童版四年的数据得出的。广义线性混合模型检验了精神分裂症多基因风险评分（PRS-SCZ）、体育活动和PLE之间的关联。模型对年龄、性别、父母教育程度、收入需求比、精神病家族史、体重指数、青春期状态、PRS-SCZ的主成分、研究地点和家庭进行了调整。
PRS-SCZ与持续性痛苦的PLE风险增加相关（调整后的相对风险比（RRR）=1.14，95%置信区间[1.04, 1.24]，P = 0.003）。体育活动与持续性痛苦的PLE风险降低相关（调整后的RRR = 0.87，95%置信区间[0.79, 0.96]，P = 0.008）。此外，体育活动调节了PRS-SCZ与持续性痛苦的PLE之间的关联（调整后的RRR = 0.89，95%置信区间[0.81, 0.98]，P = 0.015），即随着参与者体育活动参与度的提高，这种关联会减弱。
这些发现表明，遗传易感性与体育活动之间的相互作用与痛苦的PLE轨迹相关。需要进一步的研究来了解体育活动和精神分裂症遗传易感性在精神病发展过程中的作用机制。
