Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Ecole Normale Supérieure, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 22;19(8):e0305798. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305798. eCollection 2024.
Cucurbita moschata varieties grown in Africa have very low yield. They have been neglected, and totally ignored in agricultural research programs. However, interest in their fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves is growing nowadays due to their nutritional and medicinal potentials. That growing interest has prompted plant breeders and agronomists to develop research programs for their improvement. A complete diallel cross analysis of four parental lines, Long, Zouan-H, Oval, and Soubre and their twelve F1 hybrids, was carried out in a farming environment at the University Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. The four parental lines and the F1 hybrids were evaluated for their general performances, combining abilities, potency ratio and heterosis effects. The investigated traits included plant height, and eleven fruit- and seed-related characters. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits studied. In addition, the diallel model yielded highly significant gca effects of the female parents. The gca effects of the male parents were significant for all traits except plant height, length of the fruit, width of the fruit and length of the seed. Highly significant sca effects were observed in the crosses for all the traits. Strong maternal effects were observed for the weight and diameter of the fruit, weight of the pulp, number of seeds per fruit, weight of the fresh seeds and 100-seed weight. The general predictive ratio approached the value 1 for all the traits except weight of the fresh seed and width of the dry seed. Most of the characters under this study are predominantly determined by the effects of additive genes. But, weight of the fresh seed and width of the dry seed may be controlled by non-additive genes. Mid-parent heterosis was significant for all measured traits in the crosses, except the length of the fruit. And better-parent heterosis was significant for all traits except plant height, number of fruits per plant and length of the fruit. Gene expression is described by a super-dominance for many traits, and partial dominance for some other traits in all twelve F1 hybrids. Classification of the parental lines based on the effects of their general combining ability grouped the Soubre lines as promising contributors to fruit yield. The parental lines Long and Oval formed another group likely on the basis of the small size of their fruits, the small pulps, the smaller number of fruits per plant and the large number of seeds per fruit. However, Long would be a candidate parent for the development of cultivars with longer vegetative growth. The parental line Zouan-H formed the third group and it was mostly characterized by its large number of seeds per fruit and relatively large fruits.
在非洲种植的南瓜品种产量非常低。它们一直被忽视，在农业研究计划中完全被忽略。然而，由于它们的营养和药用潜力，人们对它们的果实、种子、花朵和叶子越来越感兴趣。这种日益增长的兴趣促使植物育种家和农学家为它们的改良制定研究计划。在科特迪瓦阿比让的南圭阿大学的农业环境中，对四个亲本系（长、Zouan-H、椭圆形和Soubre）及其 12 个 F1 杂种进行了完全的双列杂交分析。对四个亲本系和 F1 杂种的一般表现、组合能力、势比和杂种优势效应进行了评价。研究的性状包括株高和 11 个果实和种子相关性状。方差分析表明，所有研究的性状均存在显著差异。此外，双列模型产生了雌性亲本高度显著的 gca 效应。除株高、果实长度、果实宽度和种子长度外，雄性亲本的 gca 效应均显著。所有性状的 sca 效应均高度显著。对于所有性状，母本效应均很强。果实的重量和直径、果肉的重量、每果种子数、新鲜种子的重量和 100 粒种子的重量。除新鲜种子的重量和干种子的宽度外，一般预测率接近所有性状的 1。本研究中的大多数性状主要由加性基因的效应决定。但是，新鲜种子的重量和干种子的宽度可能由非加性基因控制。除果实长度外，所有杂交中中亲优势对所有测量性状均显著。除株高、每株果实数和果实长度外，优亲优势对所有性状均显著。对于所有 12 个 F1 杂种，大多数性状的基因表达由超显性描述，而一些其他性状由部分显性描述。根据一般配合力效应对亲本系进行分类，Soubre 系被归类为有希望提高果实产量的贡献者。亲本系 Long 和 Oval 形成了另一个群体，这主要是基于它们果实的小尺寸、小果肉、每株果实的数量少和每果种子的数量多。然而，Long 将是一个具有更长营养生长的品种的候选亲本。亲本系 Zouan-H 形成了第三个群体，其特征主要是每果种子数量多，果实相对较大。
