Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, Wrocław 50-375, Poland.
Waste Manag. 2024 Dec 1;189:44-57. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.012. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) increasingly appears as an eco-friendly method for managing food waste (FW). In this work, a combination of FW was subjected to HTC, and products were critically evaluated. This involved a lab-scale pressure reactor and optimization of HTC conditions: temperature (220-340 °C) and residence time (90-260 min) via central composite design type of response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Results showed varying temperatures and residence time to impact the hydrochar (HC) and hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase (HTC-AP) properties. Although HC produced through HTC exhibited lower ash content (<2%) despite higher fixed carbon (>55 %) with respect to the raw FW, the heating value of HC ranged from 19.2 to 32.5 MJ/kg. Temperature primarily influenced FW conversion, affecting carbonaceous properties. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were found to be predominant in the HTC-AP under all tested operating conditions (77.3, 48.4, and 37.1 wt% for HTC at 340, 280, and 220 °C in 180 min, respectively). Total phosphorus recovery in HC and HTC-AP respectively peaked at 340 °C and 220 °C in 180 min. The study concludes that HTC holds promise for energy-dense biofuel production, nutrient recovery, and fostering a circular economy.
水热碳化（HTC）越来越多地被视为管理食物垃圾（FW）的环保方法。在这项工作中，组合 FW 经受了 HTC，并且对产品进行了严格评估。这涉及使用实验室规模的压力反应器和通过响应面法（CCD-RSM）的中心复合设计类型优化 HTC 条件：温度（220-340°C）和停留时间（90-260 分钟）。结果表明，不同的温度和停留时间会影响水热炭（HC）和水热碳化水相（HTC-AP）的性质。尽管通过 HTC 生产的 HC 的灰分含量较低（<2%），尽管相对于原始 FW 的固定碳含量较高（>55%），但 HC 的发热值范围为 19.2 至 32.5 MJ/kg。温度主要影响 FW 的转化率，影响碳素特性。在所有测试操作条件下，发现 HTC-AP 中主要存在饱和脂肪酸（SFA）（在 180 分钟内分别在 340°C、280°C 和 220°C 下进行 HTC 时，其含量分别为 77.3、48.4 和 37.1wt%）。HC 和 HTC-AP 中总磷的回收率分别在 180 分钟时达到 340°C 和 220°C 的峰值。该研究得出结论，HTC 有望用于生产能量密集型生物燃料、回收营养物质并促进循环经济。
