PB-GPT: An innovative GPT-based model for protein backbone generation.

With advanced computational methods, it is now feasible to modify or design proteins for specific functions, a process with significant implications for disease treatment and other medical applications. Protein structures and functions are intrinsically linked to their backbones, making the design of these backbones a pivotal aspect of protein engineering. In this study, we focus on the task of unconditionally generating protein backbones. By means of codebook quantization and compression dictionaries, we convert protein backbone structures into a distinctive coded language and propose a GPT-based protein backbone generation model, PB-GPT. To validate the generalization performance of the model, we trained and evaluated the model on both public datasets and small protein datasets. The results demonstrate that our model has the capability to unconditionally generate elaborate, highly realistic protein backbones with structural patterns resembling those of natural proteins, thus showcasing the significant potential of large language models in protein structure design.