Zhang Yadong, Li Zongkun, Xu Hongyin, Ge Wei, Qian Hui, Li Jingjing, Sun Heqiang, Zhang Hua, Jiao Yutie
School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175683. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175683. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Floods have a wide range of environmental effects. However, owing to the complex composition of the environment and the numerous factors influencing environmental flood risk, few studies have systematically analyzed the impact of floods on the environment. After reviewing the various impacts of floods on the environment, we summarized them into four indicators (water pollution, erosion and deposition, biomass impact, and biodiversity impact) and analyzed the interrelationships between the four indicators. We then summarized 14 key factors affecting the degree of impact of floods on the environment (flood depth, velocity, duration, sediment concentration, timing of flood, temperature, point source and non-point source, height, age, waterlogging tolerance of plants, migration ability of animals, survival time of animals during floods, species richness, and biomass density) and analyzed their influence mechanisms on each indicator. We then compared the principles, scope of application, accuracy, and limitations of six environmental flood impact evaluation methods and found that the multi-factor evaluation method has great application prospects. Finally, we proposed two recommendations for future research to assess and reduce environmental flood impacts. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of floods on the environment and a basis for evaluating the impact and formulating measures to mitigate the degree of impact.
洪水具有广泛的环境影响。然而，由于环境的复杂构成以及影响环境洪水风险的众多因素，很少有研究系统地分析洪水对环境的影响。在回顾了洪水对环境的各种影响之后，我们将其归纳为四个指标（水污染、侵蚀与沉积、生物量影响和生物多样性影响），并分析了这四个指标之间的相互关系。然后，我们总结了影响洪水对环境影响程度的14个关键因素（洪水深度、流速、持续时间、含沙量、洪水发生时间、温度、点源和面源、高度、年龄、植物的耐涝性、动物的迁移能力、洪水期间动物的存活时间、物种丰富度和生物量密度），并分析了它们对每个指标的影响机制。接着，我们比较了六种环境洪水影响评估方法的原理、适用范围、准确性和局限性，发现多因素评估方法具有很大的应用前景。最后，我们对未来评估和减少环境洪水影响的研究提出了两条建议。本综述为全面了解洪水对环境的影响以及评估影响和制定减轻影响程度的措施提供了依据。
