Mykola Lysenko Lviv National Academy of Music, Lviv Vocal Room, Ostapa Nyzhankivskoho srt., 5, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2024 Aug;86(6):2042-2052. doi: 10.3758/s13414-024-02944-0. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
This research discusses that cognitive processes such as memory, attention and creativity differ in students and professionals, among musicians and non-musicians, dealing with musical performance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the role of memory, attention and creativity as cognitive processes in musical performance, focusing on the differences between non-musicians and musicians. The sample involved 400 individuals, students and professionals, specialising in music and economics. The research instruments used by the scholars were the Wechsler Memory Scale, the Conners Performance Test, and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Musical students possessed better-developed auditory and short-term memory, while professional musicians had better auditory, visual working and short-term memory. Analysis of attention reveals that music students score better than non-musicians on all four aspects: inattention, impulsivity, sustained attention, and vigilance. For professionals, the key aspects are impulsivity and sustained attention with better results revealed in musicians. Creative thinking was the only factor where the differences were statistically significant in all five scales and the findings proved that creativity was better developed among musicians. This study provides an in-depth analysis and adds new knowledge to existing literature and empirical data on the cognitive processes associated with musical performance, focusing on memory, attention and creativity. By examining the differences between non-musicians and musicians, as well as students and professionals, the study provides insight into how musical performance can be used as a way to develop these cognitive processes.
本研究探讨了认知过程（如记忆、注意力和创造力）在学生和专业人士、音乐家和非音乐家、音乐表演等方面的差异。研究目的是评估和比较记忆、注意力和创造力作为认知过程在音乐表演中的作用，重点关注非音乐家和音乐家之间的差异。样本包括 400 名学生和专业人士，他们分别专注于音乐和经济学。学者们使用的研究工具是韦氏记忆量表、康纳斯表现测验和托兰斯创造性思维测验。音乐学生具有更好的听觉和短期记忆能力，而专业音乐家则具有更好的听觉、视觉工作和短期记忆能力。注意力分析表明，音乐学生在所有四个方面（注意力不集中、冲动、持续注意力和警惕性）的得分都优于非音乐学生。对于专业人士来说，关键方面是冲动和持续注意力，音乐家的表现更好。创造性思维是所有五个量表中唯一具有统计学意义的因素，研究结果表明，音乐家的创造力发展得更好。本研究对与音乐表演相关的认知过程（如记忆、注意力和创造力）进行了深入分析，并为现有文献和实证数据增添了新知识。通过研究非音乐家和音乐家以及学生和专业人士之间的差异，本研究深入了解了如何将音乐表演作为发展这些认知过程的一种方式。
