评估奥替康唑和其他两种四氮唑类抗真菌药抑制肾上腺类固醇生成及皮质类固醇外周代谢的潜在风险。

Assessment of the potential risk of oteseconazole and two other tetrazole antifungals to inhibit adrenal steroidogenesis and peripheral metabolism of corticosteroids.

作者信息

Jäger Marie-Christin, González-Ruiz Víctor, Joos Friedrich L, Winter Denise V, Boccard Julien, Degenhardt Thorsten, Brand Steve, Rudaz Serge, Thompson George R, Odermatt Alex

机构信息

Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

出版信息

Front Pharmacol. 2024 Aug 8;15:1394846. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1394846. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

The triazole antifungals posaconazole and itraconazole can cause pseudohyperaldosteronism with hypertension and hypokalemia, edema, and gynecomastia by inhibiting steroid synthesis and metabolism. Mechanisms underlying pseudohyperaldosteronism include inhibition of adrenal 11β-hydroxylase cytochrome-P450 (CYP) 11B1 and 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) as well as peripherally expressed 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). To enhance specificity for fungal CYP51, tetrazoles have been developed. This study employed H295R adrenocortical cells and enzyme activity assays to assess the potential risk of oteseconazole and two other tetrazoles, VT-1598 and quilseconazole, to inhibit adrenal steroidogenesis or 11β-HSD2. Steroidomic footprint analyses of H295R cell supernatants using untargeted liquid-chromatography-high-resolution mass-spectrometry (LC-HRMS) indicated overall patterns common to oteseconazole, quilseconazole and itraconazole, as well as similarities between VT-1598 and isavuconazole. Additionally, more specific features of the steroid signatures were observed. Targeted quantification of nine adrenal steroids in supernatants from treated H295R cells revealed an overall inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the three tetrazoles, itraconazole and isavuconazole, providing an explanation for their similar steroidomic pattern. Applying recombinant enzymes indicated that this effect is not due to direct inhibition of steroidogenic enzymes because no or only weak inhibition could be observed. Moreover, oteseconazole and the two other tetrazoles did not inhibit 11β-HSD2, suggesting that they do not pose a risk of pseudohyperaldosteronism. Furthermore, oteseconazole did not alter steroid concentrations in a recent clinical study. Nevertheless, follow-up studies should assess the mechanism underlying the observed overall steroidogenesis inhibition by tetrazoles, itraconazole and isavuconazole, and whether concentrations achievable in a subgroup of susceptible patients might cause adrenal insufficiency and hyperplasia.

摘要

三唑类抗真菌药泊沙康唑和伊曲康唑可通过抑制类固醇合成与代谢,导致假性醛固酮增多症,出现高血压、低钾血症、水肿和男性乳房发育。假性醛固酮增多症的潜在机制包括抑制肾上腺11β-羟化酶细胞色素P450(CYP)11B1和17α-羟化酶(CYP17A1)以及外周表达的2型11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(11β-HSD2)。为提高对真菌CYP51的特异性,已开发出四氮唑类药物。本研究采用H295R肾上腺皮质细胞和酶活性测定法,评估奥替康唑以及另外两种四氮唑类药物VT-1598和喹尔康唑抑制肾上腺类固醇生成或11β-HSD2的潜在风险。使用非靶向液相色谱-高分辨率质谱(LC-HRMS)对H295R细胞上清液进行类固醇组学足迹分析,结果表明奥替康唑、喹尔康唑和伊曲康唑存在共同的总体模式,VT-1598和艾沙康唑之间也有相似之处。此外,还观察到了类固醇特征的更具体特征。对经处理的H295R细胞上清液中的九种肾上腺类固醇进行靶向定量分析,结果显示这三种四氮唑类药物、伊曲康唑和艾沙康唑均对肾上腺类固醇生成有总体抑制作用,这为它们相似的类固醇组学模式提供了解释。应用重组酶表明,这种作用并非由于直接抑制类固醇生成酶,因为未观察到抑制作用或仅观察到微弱抑制作用。此外,奥替康唑和另外两种四氮唑类药物未抑制11β-HSD2,这表明它们不存在假性醛固酮增多症的风险。此外,在最近一项临床研究中,奥替康唑未改变类固醇浓度。然而,后续研究应评估四氮唑类药物、伊曲康唑和艾沙康唑观察到的总体类固醇生成抑制作用的潜在机制,以及在易感患者亚组中可达到的浓度是否可能导致肾上腺功能不全和增生。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd08/11338861/3372be1ca4f7/fphar-15-1394846-g001.jpg

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