Randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of a multimodal mobile application for the treatment of chronic pain.

BACKGROUND

Until recently, treatments for chronic pain commonly relied on in-person interventions, and despite more hybrid care options today, capacity for delivery remains challenged. Digital programs focusing on the psychosocial aspects of pain may provide low-barrier alternatives.

AIMS

Through a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effectiveness of a multimodal mobile application.

METHODS

Participants (198; 82% women, mean age = 46.7 [13.1] years; mean pain duration 13.6 [11.2] years) with nonmalignant chronic pain were randomized to either a 6-week intervention ( = 98) or a wait-listed usual care group ( = 100). The intervention involved regular engagement with a user-guided mobile application (Curable Inc.) informed by the biopsychosocial model of pain that included pain education, meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and expressive writing. The co-primary outcomes were pain severity and interference at 6 weeks.

RESULTS

We observed significant improvements in the intervention group compared to the control group with estimated changes of -0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.04 to -0.29, < .001, = 0.43) and -0.60 (95% CI -1.18 to -0.03, = .04, = 0.27) for pain severity and interference, respectively. There were significant improvements across secondary outcomes (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System pain interference; pain catastrophizing; anxiety, depression; stress). Frequency of app use was correlated with improved pain interference ( < .001) and pain catastrophizing  = 0.018), and changes from baseline persisted in the intervention group at 12 weeks ( < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

A short-term mobile app intervention resulted in significant improvements across physical and mental health outcomes compared to wait-listed usual care.