Alqahtani Majed S, Alzibali Khalid F, Mahdi Abdulaziz Mahdi M, Alharbi Osama Mohammed A, Harbi Reem Hafiz A, Alkhaldi Hamad Saad M, Alsayafi Zahrah Ali A, Albisher Fatema H, Buqurayn Murtadha H, Alharbi Meshal M
Family Medicine and Diabetes Management, King Fahad Specialized Hospital, Tabuk, SAU.
Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 23;16(7):e65202. doi: 10.7759/cureus.65202. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Dyslipidemia refers to the change in the normal levels of one or more lipid components in the bloodstream, which include triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Dyslipidemia represents a substantial source of danger for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Effectively managing dyslipidemia involves a thorough strategy that includes changing one's lifestyle and using medications that are specifically designed to target the complex processes involved in lipid metabolism. Lipid-lowering treatments play a crucial role in this approach, providing a wide range of medications that are developed to specifically target different components of dyslipidemia. Statins are the main drug among these medications. Other drugs that are used with statin or as monotherapy include fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids (OM3FAs), ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and bempedoic acid. Using the PubMed database, we reviewed the literature about dyslipidemia, drugs used for treating dyslipidemia, their efficacy parameters, and common adverse events. We also reviewed the international guidelines for treating dyslipidemia and discussed the future of lipid-lowering medications. More trials and experiments are still required to verify the effectiveness of many lipid-lowering drugs and to know their common adverse events to be able to manage them properly.
血脂异常是指血液中一种或多种脂质成分的正常水平发生变化，这些脂质成分包括甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。血脂异常是心血管疾病（CVD）的一个重要危险因素。有效管理血脂异常需要一个全面的策略，包括改变生活方式以及使用专门针对脂质代谢复杂过程的药物。降脂治疗在这种方法中起着关键作用，提供了多种针对血脂异常不同成分研发的药物。他汀类药物是这些药物中的主要药物。与他汀类药物联合使用或作为单一疗法使用的其他药物包括贝特类药物、ω-3脂肪酸（OM3FAs）、依折麦布、胆汁酸螯合剂、前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素/kexin 9型（PCSK9）抑制剂和贝派地酸。我们使用PubMed数据库，回顾了有关血脂异常、用于治疗血脂异常的药物、它们的疗效参数以及常见不良事件的文献。我们还回顾了治疗血脂异常的国际指南，并讨论了降脂药物的未来。仍需要更多的试验和实验来验证许多降脂药物的有效性，并了解它们的常见不良事件，以便能够妥善管理这些事件。
