Soni Kamlesh Kumar, Gurjar Kishan, Ranjan Aastha, Sinha Shashank, Srivastava Moumita, Verma Vivek
Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh-485001, India.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan-305817, India.
J Exp Bot. 2024 Dec 4;75(22):6957-6979. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae358.
The co-evolution of plants and pathogens has enabled them to 'outsmart' each other by promoting their own defence responses and suppressing those of the other. While plants are reliant on their sophisticated immune signalling pathways, pathogens make use of effector proteins to achieve the objective. This entails rapid regulation of underlying molecular mechanisms for prompt induction of associated signalling events in both plants as well as pathogens. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins as a key a factor in modulating cellular responses. The ability of PTMs to expand the functional diversity of the proteome and induce rapid changes at the appropriate time enables them to play crucial roles in the regulation of plant-pathogen interactions. Therefore, this review will delve into the intricate interplay of five major PTMs involved in plant defence and pathogen countermeasures. We discuss how plants employ PTMs to fortify their immune networks, and how pathogen effectors utilize/target host modification systems to gain entry into plants and cause disease. We also emphasize the need for identification of novel PTMs and propose the use of PTM pathways as potential targets for genome editing approaches.
植物和病原体的共同进化使它们能够通过增强自身防御反应并抑制对方的防御反应来“智胜”对方。植物依赖其复杂的免疫信号通路，而病原体则利用效应蛋白来实现这一目的。这需要快速调节潜在的分子机制，以便在植物和病原体中迅速诱导相关的信号事件。在过去十年中，蛋白质的翻译后修饰（PTM）已成为调节细胞反应的关键因素。PTM能够扩展蛋白质组的功能多样性并在适当时间诱导快速变化，使其在植物-病原体相互作用的调节中发挥关键作用。因此，本综述将深入探讨参与植物防御和病原体应对措施的五种主要PTM的复杂相互作用。我们讨论了植物如何利用PTM来强化其免疫网络，以及病原体效应蛋白如何利用/靶向宿主修饰系统进入植物并引发疾病。我们还强调了识别新型PTM的必要性，并建议将PTM途径用作基因组编辑方法的潜在靶点。
