Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000, Split, Croatia.
Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450, Jastrebarsko, Croatia.
Environ Res. 2024 Dec 1;262(Pt 1):119723. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119723. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
The Mediterranean region, with its unique ecological characteristics, is particularly sensitive to global environmental changes, including climate change and impact of air pollution. Although Aleppo pine and black pine forests are the most abundant on the eastern Adriatic coast, atmospheric deposition in these forests is poorly studied. Changes in the chemical composition of precipitation as it passes through the tree canopy can lead to soil and groundwater eutrophication, and soil acidification, which affects plant vitality. In this study, the dynamics of ion deposition in Aleppo pine forest (Pinus halepensis Mill.) and black pine forest (Pinus nigra Arnold) on the eastern Adriatic coast are investigated, focusing on throughfall and bulk open field depositions. The aim of our research was to fill the gaps in understanding the influence of tree canopies on deposition fluxes in two different Mediterranean pine stands and to compare total inorganic nitrogen loads with critical loads. Over a period of two years, bulk open field precipitation and throughfall were sampled, measured and analysed using the ICP Forest methodology. The results indicate significant differences in ion deposition between bulk open field and throughfall, with throughfall showing higher values for almost all ions. The highest enrichment ratio was determined for K. The comparison of the actual inorganic nitrogen load with the critical nitrogen load for Mediterranean pine forests revealed that the inorganic nitrogen load exceeded the critical load in the Aleppo pine forest. Ion deposition increased in the throughfall compared to bulk precipitation, which can be attributed to the seasonality of precipitation, including leaching and long dry periods. These findings enhance our understanding of ion deposition fluxes in vulnerable Mediterranean pine ecosystems and emphasize the need for long-term research on this topic in the actual changing environmental conditions.
地中海地区具有独特的生态特征，对全球环境变化，包括气候变化和空气污染影响非常敏感。虽然在亚得里亚海东部沿岸，欧洲赤松和黑松森林最为丰富，但对这些森林的大气沉积研究却很少。降水穿过树冠时化学成分的变化会导致土壤和地下水富营养化以及土壤酸化，从而影响植物的活力。本研究调查了亚得里亚海东部沿岸的欧洲赤松林（Pinus halepensis Mill.）和黑松林（Pinus nigra Arnold）的离子沉积动态，重点研究穿透雨和开阔地集水区的沉降。我们的研究目的是填补了解树冠对两种不同地中海松林中沉积通量的影响方面的空白，并将总无机氮负荷与临界负荷进行比较。在两年的时间里，使用 ICP 森林方法对开阔地集水区和穿透雨进行了采样、测量和分析。结果表明，开阔地集水区和穿透雨中的离子沉积存在显著差异，穿透雨中几乎所有离子的沉积值都较高。K 的富集比最高。将实际无机氮负荷与地中海松林中的临界氮负荷进行比较表明，在欧洲赤松林，无机氮负荷超过了临界负荷。与开阔地集水区相比，穿透雨中的离子沉积增加了，这可能是由于降水的季节性，包括淋洗和长时间的干燥期。这些发现提高了我们对脆弱的地中海松生态系统中离子沉积通量的理解，并强调了在实际不断变化的环境条件下，需要对这一主题进行长期研究。
