Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024 Sep;249:104474. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104474. Epub 2024 Aug 24.
This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the homophobia scale in students attending religion-based universities in Indonesia. This research is important as homosexuality is a controversial issue in the country and is still a topic of debate. The Homophobia Scale is a tool that assesses attitudes towards homosexuality through 17 items measuring positive affirmation, negative cognition, and the perceived threat of homosexual behavior. The scale was adapted for the Indonesian context, which is predominantly religious, based on The Heterosexual Attitudes Towards Homosexuality (HATH) Scale and Items, originally translated by bilingual experts. The translated scale was then reviewed for content by psychologists and communication experts, and field-tested for reliability and validity. Data from 327 students aged 18-35 from both state and private religion-based universities were analyzed using Rasch model analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), reliability analysis, and differential item functioning (DIF) assessment. The study found that the homophobia scale accounted for 42.4 % of the raw variance, indicating its unidimensionality. The scale demonstrated an acceptable level of personal reliability and excellent reliability for individual items. Results revealed significant demographic effects, with age and study program showing more differential item functioning (DIF). Male students were more tolerant towards homosexuals than females. Additionally, students at state universities tended to be more tolerant but held negative views of homosexuality when associated with AIDS. In conclusion, the homophobia scale assessed in this study exhibits promising construct validity and sufficient psychometric properties. The findings indicate that negative stigma towards homosexuals and homophobia still persist among students at religion-based universities in Indonesia, despite limited interaction with homosexuals.
本研究旨在评估在印度尼西亚宗教大学就读的学生的恐同量表的心理测量特性。这项研究很重要，因为同性恋在该国是一个有争议的问题，仍然是一个争论的话题。恐同量表是一种通过 17 个项目评估对同性恋态度的工具，这些项目衡量对同性恋的积极肯定、消极认知和对同性恋行为的感知威胁。该量表是根据双语专家翻译的《异性恋对同性恋的态度量表》和项目改编的，适用于印度尼西亚以宗教为主导的背景。翻译后的量表由心理学家和沟通专家进行了内容审查，并进行了现场可靠性和有效性测试。使用 Rasch 模型分析，包括主成分分析（PCA）、可靠性分析和差异项目功能（DIF）评估，对来自国立和私立宗教大学的 327 名年龄在 18 至 35 岁的学生进行了数据分析。研究发现，恐同量表占原始方差的 42.4%，表明其具有单维性。该量表具有可接受的个人可靠性水平和个体项目的卓越可靠性。结果显示出显著的人口统计学效应，年龄和学习项目显示出更多的差异项目功能（DIF）。男学生比女学生更能容忍同性恋者。此外，国立大学的学生往往更宽容，但当与艾滋病相关时，他们对同性恋持有负面看法。总之，本研究评估的恐同量表表现出有前途的结构效度和足够的心理测量特性。研究结果表明，尽管与同性恋者的互动有限，但印度尼西亚宗教大学的学生对同性恋者仍存在负面的污名和恐同现象。
