Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jan 10;336:118723. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118723. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
Mountain-cultivated Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (MCG) with high market price and various properties was valuable special local product in Northeast of Asia. MCG has been historically used to mitigate heart failure (HF) for thousand years, HF is a clinical manifestation of deficiency of "heart-qi" in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there was little report focus on the activities of extracted residue of MCG.
A novel glycopeptide (APMCG-1) was isolated from step ethanol precipitations of alkaline protease-assisted extract from MCG residue.
The molecular weight and subunit structure of APMCG-1 were determined by FT-IR, HPLC and GPC technologies, as well as the H9c2 cells, Tg (kdrl:EGFP) zebrafish were performed to evaluated the protective effect of APMCG-1.
APMCG-1 was identified as a glycopeptide containing seven monosaccharides and seven amino acids via O-lined bonds. Further, in vitro, APMCG-1 significantly decreased reactive oxygen species production and lactate dehydrogenase contents in palmitic acid (PA)-induced H9c2 cells. APMCG-1 also attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in H9c2 cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. More importantly, APMCG-1 reduced the blood glucose, lipid contents, the levels of heart injury, oxidative stress and inflammation of 5 days post fertilization Tg (kdrl:EGFP) zebrafish with type 2 diabetic symptoms in vivo.
APMCG-1 protects PA-induced H9c2 cells while reducing cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish with type 2 diabetic symptoms. The present study provides a new insight into the development of natural glycopeptides as heart-related drug therapies.
高山种植的人参 C.A.Mey.（MCG）具有很高的市场价格和多种特性，是东北亚有价值的特殊地方产品。MCG 自古以来就被用于缓解心力衰竭（HF），HF 是中医“心气不足”的临床表现。然而，很少有报道关注 MCG 提取残渣的活性。
从 MCG 残渣碱性蛋白酶辅助提取物的乙醇沉淀步骤中分离出一种新型糖肽（APMCG-1）。
通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）技术以及 H9c2 细胞、Tg（kdrl：EGFP）斑马鱼来确定 APMCG-1 的分子量和亚基结构，评估 APMCG-1 的保护作用。
APMCG-1 通过 O 连接键被鉴定为一种含有七种单糖和七种氨基酸的糖肽。此外，在体外，APMCG-1 可显著降低棕榈酸（PA）诱导的 H9c2 细胞中活性氧的产生和乳酸脱氢酶的含量。APMCG-1 还通过 PI3K/AKT 信号通路减轻 H9c2 细胞中的内质网应激和线粒体介导的细胞凋亡。更重要的是，APMCG-1 降低了 5 天受精后 Tg（kdrl：EGFP）斑马鱼的血糖、血脂含量、心脏损伤水平、氧化应激和炎症水平，该斑马鱼具有 2 型糖尿病症状。
APMCG-1 可保护 PA 诱导的 H9c2 细胞，同时减轻具有 2 型糖尿病症状的斑马鱼的心脏功能障碍。本研究为开发天然糖肽作为心脏相关药物治疗提供了新的思路。
