Cardiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024 Aug 24;24(1):449. doi: 10.1186/s12872-024-04102-8.
The updated status of hypertension and its risk factors are poorly evaluated in Tibetan highland areas. We initiated a large-scale cross-sectional survey to provide updated status of hypertension and its risk factors (especially salt intake) in the Ganzi Tibetan Plateau, China.
Stratified multistage random sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of 4,036 adult residents from 4 counties in the Ganzi Tibetan area. The whole survey population was used to present the epidemiology and risk factors of hypertension. The participants with blood and urine biochemistry data were used to analyze the relationship between salt intake parameters and hypertension.
Stratified multistage random sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of 4,036 adult residents. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 33.5% (the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 28.9%). A total of 50.9% of the hypertensive patients knew their conditions; 30.1% of them received antihypertensive treatment; and 11.2% of them had their blood pressure controlled. Age, male sex, living altitude ≥ 3500 m, overweight and abdominal obesity were positively correlated with hypertension. In addition, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.01-1.74) for drinking tea with salt, and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.32-1.72) for per SD increase in the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (e24hUSE). Furthermore, per 100mmol/day increase in e24hUSE was associated with elevation of blood pressure (+ 10.16, 95% CI: 8.45-11.87 mmHg for SBP; +3.83, 95% CI: 2.74-4.93 mmHg for DBP) in this population.
Our survey suggests a heavy disease burden of hypertension in the Ganzi Tibetan Plateau. Age, male sex, altitude of residence ≥ 3500 m, overweight, abdominal obesity, and excessive salt intake (shown as drinking tea with adding salt and a higher level of e24hUSE) all increased the risk of hypertension in this highland area.
在藏高原地区，高血压及其危险因素的最新情况评估不佳。我们开展了一项大规模的横断面调查，以提供中国甘孜藏高原地区高血压及其危险因素（尤其是盐摄入量）的最新情况。
采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法，从甘孜藏区的 4 个县中抽取 4036 名成年居民作为代表性样本。整个调查人群用于呈现高血压的流行病学和危险因素。具有血液和尿液生化数据的参与者用于分析盐摄入量参数与高血压之间的关系。
采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法，抽取了 4036 名成年居民作为代表性样本。高血压的总患病率为 33.5%（年龄调整后患病率为 28.9%）。共有 50.9%的高血压患者知晓自己的病情；30.1%接受了降压治疗；11.2%的患者血压得到了控制。年龄、男性、居住海拔≥3500m、超重和腹型肥胖与高血压呈正相关。此外，饮茶加盐的调整后比值比（OR）为 1.33（95%CI：1.01-1.74），24 小时尿钠排泄量（e24hUSE）估计值每增加 1 个标准差的调整 OR 为 1.51（95%CI：1.32-1.72）。此外，e24hUSE 每增加 100mmol/天与血压升高相关（收缩压升高 10.16，95%CI：8.45-11.87mmHg；舒张压升高 3.83，95%CI：2.74-4.93mmHg）。
我们的调查表明，甘孜藏高原地区高血压的疾病负担沉重。年龄、男性、居住海拔≥3500m、超重、腹型肥胖和盐摄入量过多（表现为饮茶加盐和 e24hUSE 水平较高）都会增加该高原地区高血压的风险。
