Dai Minhui, Hu Lan, Sun Lingyu, Zhong Ying, Li Chunyan
Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 78, Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
BMC Nurs. 2024 Aug 26;23(1):593. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02257-5.
Nurses represent China's largest healthcare workforce. Nurse practitioners (NPs) play an essential role in providing cost-effective quality healthcare and bridging the healthcare gaps. However, NPs are relatively new in China, and limited evidence exists on senior nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward NPs.
This study aimed to describe senior nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived facilitators and barriers of NPs in China using a self-designed, culturally adaptive questionnaire.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 412 senior nurses in Hunan Province from December 2021 to January 2022. The Knowledge and Attitudes towards Nurse Practitioners Questionnaire (KANPQ) was developed based on the Delphi method, which included 30 items under three dimensions: knowledge (22 items), attitude (2 items), and perceived facilitators and barriers (6 items). Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore factors associated with senior nurses' attitudes toward NPs.
The average KANPQ knowledge score was 68.56 ± 22.69, with 55.09%,10.20%, and 34.71% of participants showing good, moderate, and poor levels of knowledge, respectively. The average KANPQ attitude score was 7.79 ± 1.72, with 65.3% thinking NPs were necessary and 69.9% expressing willingness to become NPs. Nurses with higher professional titles and better knowledge of NPs had more positive attitudes toward NPs. The three most frequently mentioned barriers to NP implementation were patient trust, laws, and education.
Approximately one-third of senior nurses have poor knowledge and negative attitudes toward NPs, indicating much room for improvement. Strengthening the education and training of NPs, especially among those with lower professional titles and lower knowledge of NPs, may help improve their knowledge and attitudes toward NPs. In addition, continuous political, social, economic, and individual efforts are needed to facilitate the successful development of NPs in China.
护士是中国规模最大的医疗劳动力群体。执业护士在提供具有成本效益的优质医疗服务以及弥合医疗差距方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，执业护士在中国相对较新，关于资深护士对执业护士的了解和态度的证据有限。
本研究旨在使用自行设计的、具有文化适应性的问卷，描述中国资深护士对执业护士的了解、态度以及感知到的促进因素和障碍。
2021年12月至2022年1月，对湖南省的412名资深护士进行了横断面在线调查。基于德尔菲法编制了《执业护士知识与态度问卷》（KANPQ），该问卷包括三个维度的30个项目：知识（22项）、态度（2项）以及感知到的促进因素和障碍（6项）。进行多变量线性回归以探索与资深护士对执业护士态度相关的因素。
KANPQ知识平均得分为68.56±22.69，分别有55.09%、10.20%和34.71%的参与者表现出良好、中等和较差的知识水平。KANPQ态度平均得分为7.79±1.72，65.3%的人认为执业护士是必要的，69.9%的人表示愿意成为执业护士。职称较高且对执业护士了解较多的护士对执业护士的态度更为积极。实施执业护士最常提到的三个障碍是患者信任、法律和教育。
约三分之一的资深护士对执业护士了解不足且态度消极，这表明有很大的改进空间。加强对执业护士的教育和培训，特别是在职称较低且对执业护士了解较少的护士中，可能有助于改善他们对执业护士的了解和态度。此外，需要持续的政策、社会、经济和个人努力，以促进中国执业护士的成功发展。
