Pediatrics. 2024 Oct 1;154(4). doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-068508.
This technical report accompanies the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2024 to 2025 season. The rationale for the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age is provided. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community against influenza. This technical report summarizes recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination coverage and provides detailed guidance on vaccine storage, administration, and implementation. The report also provides a brief background on inactivated (nonlive) and live attenuated influenza vaccines, available vaccines for the 2024-2025 influenza season, vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding, diagnostic testing for influenza, and antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis. Strategies to promote vaccine uptake are emphasized.
本技术报告伴随美国儿科学会的建议，用于在 2024 至 2025 流感季节中，常规使用流感疫苗和抗病毒药物来预防和治疗儿童流感。提供了美国儿科学会建议对所有无医学禁忌症的儿童进行年度流感疫苗接种的基本原理，起始时间为 6 个月龄。流感疫苗接种是保护儿童和更广泛社区免受流感侵害的重要策略。本技术报告总结了最近的流感季节、儿童发病率和死亡率、疫苗有效性以及疫苗接种覆盖率，并就疫苗储存、管理和实施提供了详细指导。报告还简要介绍了灭活（非活）和减毒活流感疫苗、2024-2025 流感季节可用的疫苗、妊娠和哺乳期的疫苗接种、流感诊断检测以及治疗和化学预防的抗病毒药物。强调了促进疫苗接种覆盖率的策略。
