Wang Yingjie, Liu Hongyu, Zhang Mengsha, Xu Jing, Zheng Liuxian, Liu Pengpeng, Chen Jingyao, Liu Hongyu, Chen Chong
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China.
MedComm (2020). 2024 Aug 24;5(9):e670. doi: 10.1002/mco2.670. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Gastrointestinal tumors, the second leading cause of human mortality, are characterized by their association with inflammation. Currently, progress in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of gastrointestinal tumors is limited. Recent whole-genome analyses have underscored their profound heterogeneity and extensive genetic and epigenetic reprogramming. Epigenetic reprogramming pertains to dynamic and hereditable alterations in epigenetic patterns, devoid of concurrent modifications in the underlying DNA sequence. Common epigenetic modifications encompass DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNA, RNA modifications, and chromatin remodeling. These modifications possess the potential to invoke or suppress a multitude of genes associated with cancer, thereby governing the establishment of chromatin configurations characterized by diverse levels of accessibility. This intricate interplay assumes a pivotal and indispensable role in governing the commencement and advancement of gastrointestinal cancer. This article focuses on the impact of epigenetic reprogramming in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer, as well as other uncommon gastrointestinal tumors. We elucidate the epigenetic landscape of gastrointestinal tumors, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and their interrelationships. Besides, this review summarizes the potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic targets in epigenetic reprogramming, with the aim of assisting clinical treatment strategies.
胃肠道肿瘤是人类死亡的第二大主要原因，其特点是与炎症相关。目前，胃肠道肿瘤的早期诊断和有效治疗进展有限。最近的全基因组分析强调了它们的高度异质性以及广泛的遗传和表观遗传重编程。表观遗传重编程涉及表观遗传模式的动态和可遗传改变，而基础DNA序列没有同时发生改变。常见的表观遗传修饰包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA、RNA修饰和染色质重塑。这些修饰有可能激活或抑制许多与癌症相关的基因，从而控制具有不同可及性水平的染色质构型的建立。这种复杂的相互作用在胃肠道癌的发生和发展中起着关键且不可或缺的作用。本文重点探讨表观遗传重编程在胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌以及其他罕见胃肠道肿瘤的发生和发展中的影响。我们阐明了胃肠道肿瘤的表观遗传格局，包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑及其相互关系。此外，本综述总结了表观遗传重编程中潜在的诊断、治疗和预后靶点，旨在辅助临床治疗策略。
