Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; and Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024 Nov 1;35(11):1589-1599. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000496. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
The discovery of the aquaporin family of water channels has provided a molecular counterpart to the movement of water across biological membranes. The distribution of aquaporins in specific cell types, their selectivity and very high capacity for water permeation, and the control of their expression and/or trafficking are key to sustain osmosis in multiple tissues. Here, we review the convergent evidence demonstrating that aquaporin-1 (AQP1) facilitates water transport across endothelial cells in the peritoneal membrane, a key process for peritoneal dialysis-the leading modality of home-based dialysis therapy for patients with kidney failure. Genetic and pharmacologic studies in mouse and cell models indicated that AQP1 plays a critical role in crystalloid osmosis, with clinically relevant effects on water transport and risk of death and technique failure for patients on dialysis. By contrast, AQP1 plays no role in colloid osmosis. These studies substantiate potential strategies to improve free water transport and ultrafiltration in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis.
水通道蛋白家族的发现为生物膜上水的运动提供了分子对应物。水通道蛋白在特定细胞类型中的分布、它们的选择性和对水的极高渗透性，以及对其表达和/或运输的控制，是维持多种组织中渗透作用的关键。在这里，我们回顾了一些趋同的证据，证明水通道蛋白-1（AQP1）有助于穿过腹膜膜中的内皮细胞进行水转运，这是腹膜透析的关键过程-腹膜透析是肾衰竭患者家庭透析治疗的主要方式。在小鼠和细胞模型中的遗传和药理学研究表明，AQP1 在晶渗作用中起着关键作用，对水转运以及接受透析治疗的患者的死亡和技术失败风险具有临床相关影响。相比之下，AQP1 在胶体渗透作用中不起作用。这些研究证实了通过腹膜透析治疗的患者改善游离水转运和超滤的潜在策略。
