Myeloperoxidase-deficient mice exposed to Zymosan exhibit severe neutrophilia and anemia with enhanced granulopoiesis and reduced erythropoiesis, accompanied by pulmonary inflammation.

We previously reported that myeloperoxidase-deficient (MPO) mice develop more severe neutrophil-rich lung inflammation than wild-type mice following intranasal Zymosan administration. Interestingly, we found that these mutant mice with severe lung inflammation also displayed pronounced neutrophilia and anemia, characterized by increased granulopoiesis and decreased erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, compared to wild-type mice. This condition was associated with higher concentrations of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in both the lungs and serum, a factor known to enhance granulopoiesis. Neutrophils accumulating in the lungs of MPO mice produced greater amounts of G-CSF than those in wild-type mice, indicating that they are a significant source of G-CSF. In vitro experiments using signal transduction inhibitors and Western blot analysis revealed that MPO neutrophils express higher levels of G-CSF mRNA in response to Zymosan, attributed to the upregulation of the IκB kinase/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/NF-κB pathway. These findings highlight MPO as a critical regulator of granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis in inflamed tissues.