Sukcheep Chompunuch, Thammajaruk Putsadeeporn, Guazzato Massimiliano
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
Discipline of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia.
J Prosthodont. 2024 Aug 26. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13932.
To evaluate the effect of cleaning methods and thermocycling on the micro-tensile bond strength between resin cement and contaminated zirconia and to characterize the physicochemical alterations at the zirconia surface resulting from contaminants and subsequent application of cleaning methods.
Thirty-two alumina air-abraded zirconia blocks were divided into eight groups: (i) uncontaminated control followed by methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) primer (G-Multi Primer) application (CON). In groups ii-viii, the blocks were contaminated with saliva and silicone disclosing agents, followed by cleaning as follows: (ii) MDP primer applied, followed by contamination (GMP1); (iii) MDP primer applied before and after contamination (GMP2); (iv) cleaning with alumina air-abrasion (APA); (v) cleaning with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); (vi) cleaning with Ivoclean (IVC); (vii) cleaning with ZirClean (ZC); and (viii) cleaning with Katana Cleaner (KC). After cleaning, the zirconia blocks in groups iv-viii were applied with MDP primer. The blocks in each group were cemented together with resin cement (G-Cem Linkforce). Subsequently, each bonded zirconia block was sectioned using a water-cooled diamond saw into microsticks (1 × 1 × 9 mm). Micro-tensile bond strength was measured after either 24 h or 10,000 thermal cycles (n = 20/subgroup). Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post-hoc test. The contact angle measurements, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were used for physiochemical evaluation.
After 24 h of water storage, the highest bond strength was observed in the CON, NaOCl, APA, and GMP2 groups. After thermocycling, the bond strength significantly decreased in all groups except the GMP2 group, which maintained the highest bond strength. Commercial ceramic cleaning agents (IVC, ZC, and KC groups) exhibited lower bond strengths than the CON groups in both aging conditions.
The application of MDP primer before and after contamination is a promising cleaning protocol for removing saliva and silicone disclosing agent contaminants from zirconia surfaces. This approach achieved the highest bond strength and maintained it even after artificial aging through thermocycling.
评估清洁方法和热循环对树脂水门汀与污染氧化锆之间微拉伸粘结强度的影响，并表征由污染物以及随后应用清洁方法导致的氧化锆表面物理化学变化。
将32个经氧化铝喷砂处理的氧化锆块分为八组：（i）未污染对照组，随后应用甲基丙烯酰氧基癸基磷酸二氢酯（MDP）底漆（G-Multi Primer）（CON组）。在第ii - viii组中，将块体用唾液和硅酮示踪剂污染，然后按以下方式清洁：（ii）应用MDP底漆，随后污染（GMP1组）；（iii）在污染前后均应用MDP底漆（GMP2组）；（iv）用氧化铝喷砂清洁（APA组）；（v）用次氯酸钠（NaOCl）清洁；（vi）用Ivoclean清洁（IVC组）；（vii）用ZirClean清洁（ZC组）；（viii）用Katana Cleaner清洁（KC组）。清洁后，第iv - viii组的氧化锆块体应用MDP底漆。每组中的块体用树脂水门汀（G-Cem Linkforce）粘结在一起。随后，使用水冷金刚石锯将每个粘结的氧化锆块体切成微棒（1×1×9mm）。在24小时或10000次热循环后测量微拉伸粘结强度（每组n = 20）。数据采用双向方差分析（ANOVA），随后进行单向ANOVA和Tukey事后检验进行分析。使用接触角测量、能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱仪进行物理化学评估。
在水储存24小时后，CON组、NaOCl组、APA组和GMP2组观察到最高的粘结强度。热循环后，除GMP2组保持最高粘结强度外，所有组的粘结强度均显著降低。在两种老化条件下，商业陶瓷清洁剂（IVC组、ZC组和KC组）的粘结强度均低于CON组。
在污染前后应用MDP底漆是一种很有前景的清洁方案，可用于去除氧化锆表面的唾液和硅酮示踪剂污染物。这种方法实现了最高的粘结强度，并且即使在通过热循环进行人工老化后仍能保持。
