Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2024 Sep;42(7):e4109. doi: 10.1002/cbf.4109.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) region of the brain. Although the role of neuroinflammation and cellular immunity in PD has been extensively studied, the involvement of humoral immunity mediated by antibodies and B cells has received less attention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of humoral immunity in PD. Here, we discuss alterations in B cells in PD, including changes in their number and phenotype. Evidence mostly indicates a decrease in the quantity of B cells in PD, accompanied by a shift in the population from naïve to memory cells. Furthermore, the existence of autoantibodies that target several antigens in PD has been investigated (i.e., anti-α-syn autoantibodies, anti-glial-derived antigen antibodies, anti-Tau antibodies, antineuromelanin antibodies, and antibodies against the renin-angiotensin system). Several autoantibodies are generated in PD, which may either provide protection or have harmful effects on disease progression. Furthermore, we have reviewed studies focusing on the utilization of antibodies as a potential treatment for PD, both in animal and clinical trials. This review sheds light on the intricate interplay between antibodies and the pathological processes in PD, including complement system activation.
帕金森病（PD）是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病，其特征是大脑中α-突触核蛋白（α-syn）的积累和大脑黑质（SN）区域多巴胺能神经元的进行性丧失。尽管神经炎症和细胞免疫在 PD 中的作用已经得到了广泛研究，但抗体和 B 细胞介导的体液免疫的参与受到的关注较少。本文提供了对 PD 中体液免疫的当前理解的全面综述。在这里，我们讨论了 PD 中 B 细胞的改变，包括其数量和表型的变化。证据主要表明 PD 中 B 细胞数量减少，同时群体从幼稚细胞向记忆细胞转移。此外，已经研究了针对 PD 中几种抗原的自身抗体的存在（即抗-α-syn 自身抗体、抗神经胶质衍生抗原抗体、抗 Tau 抗体、抗神经黑素抗体和抗肾素-血管紧张素系统抗体）。在 PD 中产生了几种自身抗体，它们可能对疾病进展既有保护作用也有有害作用。此外，我们还回顾了专注于利用抗体作为 PD 潜在治疗方法的研究，包括动物和临床试验。该综述揭示了抗体与 PD 中病理过程之间的复杂相互作用，包括补体系统的激活。
