Li Wenlan, Wang Yuting, Mu Wenli, Guan Yonghui, Yang Yao, Tang Yifei, Wang Mingfei, Piao Yu, Hou Tiezhou, Guan Xiaoyue
Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Int Dent J. 2025 Apr;75(2):1194-1202. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.1213. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
Unresolved inflammation and tissue destruction are supposed to underlie the failure of dental pulp repair. As crucial regulators of the injury response, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play a key role in pulp tissue repair and regeneration. M2 macrophages have been demonstrated to induce osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is the major component of ginseng and manifested an anti-inflammatory role by promoting M1 macrophage polarised into M2 macrophage in inflammatory disease. However, whether GRb1 facilitates odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs via promoting M2 macrophage polarisation under inflammatory conditions has yet to be established.
Human monocyte leukemic cells (THP-1) differentiated macrophages were induced into M1 subsets and then treated with GRb1. After that, the conditioned medium was added to DPSCs. The cell co-cultured system was then subjected to odontogenic differentiation in osteogenic media. Effects of GRb1 on human dental pulp stem cells' (hDPSCs') osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation under inflammatory conditions were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing.
Results demonstrated that GRb1 could facilitate the polarisation of macrophages from the M1 subtype to the M2 subtype. Conditioned medium from GRb1 + M1 macrophages, in comparison with M1 macrophages, may markedly increase the gene expression of ALP, DSPP, and DMP1. Moreover, ALP and ARS staining uncovered that the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation ability of hDPSCs was strengthened in the M1 + GRb1 co-culture group.
GRb1 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response and reparative dentine formation after dental pulp injury. Findings show that GRb1 modulates the interaction between macrophages and DPSCs during inflammation. The current study discusses modifications of deep caries therapy.
未解决的炎症和组织破坏被认为是牙髓修复失败的基础。作为损伤反应的关键调节因子，牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）在牙髓组织修复和再生中起关键作用。已证明M2巨噬细胞可诱导DPSCs的成骨/成牙分化。人参皂苷Rb1（GRb1）是人参的主要成分，在炎症性疾病中通过促进M1巨噬细胞极化为M2巨噬细胞而发挥抗炎作用。然而，GRb1在炎症条件下是否通过促进M2巨噬细胞极化来促进DPSCs的成牙分化尚未明确。
将人单核细胞白血病细胞（THP-1）分化的巨噬细胞诱导为M1亚群，然后用GRb1处理。之后，将条件培养基添加到DPSCs中。然后将细胞共培养系统在成骨培养基中进行成牙分化。通过碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色、茜素红S（ARS）染色和定量聚合酶链反应检测评估GRb1在炎症条件下对人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）成骨/成牙分化的影响。
结果表明，GRb1可促进巨噬细胞从M1亚型极化为M2亚型。与M1巨噬细胞相比，GRb1 + M1巨噬细胞的条件培养基可显著增加ALP、DSPP和DMP1的基因表达。此外，ALP和ARS染色显示，M1 + GRb1共培养组中hDPSCs的成骨/成牙分化能力增强。
GRb1在牙髓损伤后的炎症反应和修复性牙本质形成中起关键作用。研究结果表明，GRb1在炎症过程中调节巨噬细胞与DPSCs之间的相互作用。本研究讨论了深龋治疗的改进方法。
