Lunghi Marco, Di Giorgio Elisa
Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Department of Women's and Children's Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Front Neurosci. 2024 Aug 13;18:1459550. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1459550. eCollection 2024.
The ability to detect animates (as compared with inanimates) rapidly is advantageous for human survival. Due to its relevance, not only the adult human brain has evolved specific neural mechanisms to discriminate animates, but it has been proposed that selection finely tuned the human visual attention system to prioritize visual cues that signal the presence of living things. Among them, animate motion-i.e., the motion of animate entities -, is one of the most powerful cues that triggers humans' attention. From a developmental point of view, whether such specialization is inborn or acquired through experience is a fascinating research topic. This mini-review aims to summarize and discuss recent behavioral and electrophysiological research that suggests that animate motion has an attentional advantage in the first year of life starting from birth. Specifically, the rationale underlying this paper concerns how attention deployment is affected by animate motion conveyed both by the movement of a single dot and, also, when the single dot is embedded in a complex array, named biological motion. Overall, it will highlight the importance of both inborn predispositions to pay attention preferentially to animate motion, mainly supported by subcortical structures, and the exposure to certain experiences, shortly after birth, to drive the cortical attentional visual system to become the way it is in adults.
快速检测有生命物体(与无生命物体相比)的能力对人类生存具有重要意义。鉴于其重要性,不仅成年人大脑进化出了特定的神经机制来区分有生命物体,而且有人提出,自然选择对人类视觉注意力系统进行了精细调整,以便优先处理那些表明有生物存在的视觉线索。其中,有生命物体的运动——即有生命实体的运动——是引发人类注意力的最有力线索之一。从发育的角度来看,这种特殊能力是天生的还是通过经验习得的,是一个引人入胜的研究课题。本综述旨在总结和讨论最近的行为学和电生理学研究,这些研究表明,从出生开始,有生命物体的运动在生命的第一年具有注意力优势。具体而言,本文的基本原理涉及注意力分配是如何受到单个点的运动以及单个点嵌入复杂阵列(即生物运动)时所传达的有生命物体运动的影响。总体而言,它将强调主要由皮层下结构支持的天生倾向于优先关注有生命物体运动的重要性,以及出生后不久接触某些经验对驱动皮层注意力视觉系统发展为成人状态的重要性。