Qi Dongming, Zheng Tingting, Yang Maosen, Huang Zhiying, Wang Tao, Wang Qiang, Chen Binlong
College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China.
School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
Metabolites. 2024 Aug 15;14(8):451. doi: 10.3390/metabo14080451.
Bile, a crucial fluid produced continuously by the liver, plays an essential role in digestion within the small intestine. Beyond its primary function in lipid digestion, bile also acts as a pathway for the elimination of various endogenous and exogenous substances. There have been limited studies focusing on interspecies differences. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of bile acid (BA) composition and its correlation with gene expression patterns across six different species, including mammals and poultry, through combining Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and transcriptome sequencing. The BA profiles revealed distinct metabolite clusters: D-glucuronic acid (GLCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) were predominant in mammals, while taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) and T-alpha-MCA were prevalent in poultry, highlighting species-specific BA compositions. Differentially abundant metabolites, particularly GDCA, glycohyodeoxycholic acid (GHDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) showed significant variations across species, with pigs showing the highest BA content. Transcriptome analysis of the liver and small intestine tissues of 56 cDNA libraries across the six species revealed distinct mRNA expression patterns. These patterns clustered samples into broad categories based on tissue type and phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, the correlation between gene expression and BA content was examined, identifying the top 20 genes with significant associations. These genes potentially serve as biomarkers for BA regulation.
胆汁是肝脏持续产生的一种关键液体，在小肠消化过程中发挥着重要作用。除了其在脂质消化中的主要功能外，胆汁还充当各种内源性和外源性物质的排泄途径。目前针对种间差异的研究有限。本研究通过结合液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）和转录组测序，对包括哺乳动物和家禽在内的六个不同物种的胆汁酸（BA）组成及其与基因表达模式的相关性进行了全面分析。BA谱揭示了不同的代谢物簇：D-葡萄糖醛酸（GLCA）和甘氨鹅去氧胆酸（GCDCA）在哺乳动物中占主导地位，而牛磺石胆酸（TLCA）和T-α-MCA在家禽中普遍存在，突出了物种特异性的BA组成。差异丰富的代谢物，特别是甘氨脱氧胆酸（GDCA）、甘氨猪去氧胆酸（GHDCA）和牛磺脱氧胆酸（TDCA）在不同物种间表现出显著差异，猪的BA含量最高。对六个物种56个cDNA文库的肝脏和小肠组织进行的转录组分析揭示了不同的mRNA表达模式。这些模式根据组织类型和系统发育关系将样本聚类为大致类别。此外，还研究了基因表达与BA含量之间的相关性，确定了20个具有显著关联的基因。这些基因可能作为BA调节的生物标志物。
