Dhote Sylvain, Eon Pauline, Grosprêtre Sidney
Laboratory of C3S (Culture, Sport, Santé, Société) (EA4660), 25000 Besançon, France.
Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 92073 Paris, France.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Aug 12;12(8):217. doi: 10.3390/sports12080217.
Although explosive upper-limb movements are far less studied than the equivalent lower-limb movements, they are important in many sports activities. The goal of this study was to explore, for the first time, the performance of street workout (SW) athletes who primarily focus on explosive and isometric strength in the upper limbs and to examine the effect of the contraction type on performance during a classical upper-body movement. Eighteen men took part in this study (age: 22.6 ± 2.1 years, height: 179.6 ± 7.1 cm, bodyweight: 71.9 ± 6.6 kg). Of these, nine practiced SW and nine practiced various team and individual sports-the latter serving as the control group. The athletes performed three different types of push-ups-one in a concentric way and two others in a plyometric way-and a fatigue-inducing push-up set. Jump heights, myoelectrical activities (through electromyography), muscle architecture, and hypertrophy (through ultrasonography) were measured. The results show no significant differences in jump height between the push-up types. Both groups confounded, but the SW athletes jumped on average 66 ± 21% higher than the control athletes ( < 0.05). There was no major difference in EMG between groups, regardless of the push-up type, but the SW athletes had a greater pectoralis major and anterior deltoid thickness as well as a greater pennation angle of the pectoralis major. The results suggest that the plyometric performance of the upper limbs does not follow the same pattern as that of the lower limbs. The SW group's greater capacity in performing explosive push-ups could be attributed to greater upper-body muscle hypertrophy and more efficient execution of the movement.
尽管与同等的下肢运动相比，爆发性上肢运动的研究要少得多，但它们在许多体育活动中都很重要。本研究的目的是首次探究主要专注于上肢爆发性和等长力量的街头健身（SW）运动员的表现，并检验收缩类型对经典上身运动中表现的影响。18名男性参与了本研究（年龄：22.6±2.1岁，身高：179.6±7.1厘米，体重：71.9±6.6千克）。其中，9人进行街头健身，9人进行各种团队和个人运动——后者作为对照组。运动员进行了三种不同类型的俯卧撑——一种是向心方式，另外两种是增强式方式——以及一组诱导疲劳的俯卧撑。测量了跳跃高度、肌电活动（通过肌电图）、肌肉结构和肥大情况（通过超声检查）。结果显示，不同类型俯卧撑之间的跳跃高度没有显著差异。两组数据混淆，但SW运动员的跳跃高度平均比对照运动员高66±21%（<0.05）。无论俯卧撑类型如何，两组之间的肌电图没有重大差异，但SW运动员的胸大肌和三角肌前部厚度更大，胸大肌的羽状角也更大。结果表明，上肢的增强式表现与下肢的表现模式不同。SW组在进行爆发性俯卧撑方面的更大能力可能归因于更大的上身肌肉肥大和更高效的动作执行。
