Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Aug 13;16(8):355. doi: 10.3390/toxins16080355.
A systematic review of the literature found fifteen articles on the effect of a botulinum toxin on neoplastic cell lines and eight articles on in vivo neoplasms. The reported in vitro effects rely on high doses or the mechanical disruption of cell membranes to introduce the botulinum neurotoxin into the cell cytoplasm. The potency of the botulinum neurotoxin to intoxicate non-neuronal cells (even cell lines expressing an appropriate protein receptor) is several orders of magnitude lower compared to that to intoxicate the primary neurons. The data suggest that the botulinum toxin disrupts the progression of cancer cells, with some studies reporting apoptotic effects. A majority of the data in the in vivo studies also showed similar results. No safety issues were disclosed in the in vivo studies. Limited studies have suggested similar anti-neoplastic potential for the clostridium difficile. New modes of delivery have been tested to enhance the in vivo delivery of the botulinum toxin to neoplastic cells. Careful controlled studies are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this mode of anti-neoplastic treatment in humans.
一篇系统综述文献发现了 15 篇关于肉毒毒素对肿瘤细胞系影响的文章和 8 篇关于体内肿瘤的文章。报道的体外效应依赖于高剂量或细胞膜的机械破坏，将肉毒神经毒素引入细胞质。与使原代神经元中毒相比，肉毒神经毒素使非神经细胞（甚至表达适当蛋白受体的细胞系）中毒的效力要低几个数量级。这些数据表明肉毒毒素会破坏癌细胞的进展，一些研究报告了细胞凋亡的作用。体内研究的大多数数据也显示出类似的结果。体内研究没有披露任何安全问题。有限的研究表明艰难梭菌也具有类似的抗肿瘤潜力。已经测试了新的给药方式来增强肉毒毒素向肿瘤细胞的体内传递。需要进行仔细的对照研究来证明这种抗肿瘤治疗模式在人类中的疗效和安全性。
