Herzog Sarah, Schneck Noam, Galfalvy Hanga, Hwei-Choo Tse, Schmidt Mike, Michel Christina A, Sublette M Elizabeth, Burke Ainsley, Ochsner Kevin, Mann J John, Oquendo Maria A, Stanley Barbara H
Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2025 Jan;10(1):94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.011. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
Impaired emotion regulation (ER) contributes to major depression and suicidal ideation and behavior. ER is typically studied by explicitly directing participants to regulate, but this may not capture spontaneous tendencies of individuals with depression to engage ER in daily life.
In 82 participants with major depressive disorder, we examined the relationship of spontaneous engagement of ER to real-world responses to stress. We used a machine learning-derived neural signature reflecting neural systems that underlie cognitive reappraisal (an ER strategy) to identify reappraisal-related activity while participants recalled negative autobiographical memories under the following conditions: 1) unstructured recall; 2) distanced recall, a form of reappraisal; and 3) immersed recall (comparison condition). Participants also completed a week of ecological momentary assessment measuring daily stressors, suicidal ideation, and negative affect.
Higher reappraisal signature output for the unstructured period, a proxy for the spontaneous tendency to engage ER, was associated with greater increases in suicidal ideation following stressors (b = 0.083, p = .041). Higher signature output for distanced recall, a proxy for the capacity to engage ER when directed, was associated with lower negative affect following stressors (b = -0.085, p = .029). Output for the immerse period was not associated with ecological momentary assessment outcomes.
Findings suggest that in major depressive disorder, the spontaneous tendency to react to negative memories with attempts to reappraise may indicate greater reactivity to negative cues, while intact capacity to use reappraisal when directed may be associated with more adaptive responses to stress. These data have implications for understanding stress-related increases in suicide risk in depression.
情绪调节受损会导致重度抑郁症以及自杀意念和行为。情绪调节通常是通过明确指导参与者进行调节来研究的，但这可能无法捕捉抑郁症患者在日常生活中自发进行情绪调节的倾向。
在82名重度抑郁症患者中，我们研究了情绪调节的自发参与与对压力的现实世界反应之间的关系。我们使用一种机器学习衍生的神经特征来反映认知重评（一种情绪调节策略）背后的神经系统，以识别在以下条件下参与者回忆负面自传体记忆时与重评相关的活动：1）无结构回忆；2）疏离回忆，一种重评形式；3）沉浸式回忆（对照条件）。参与者还完成了为期一周的生态瞬时评估，测量每日压力源、自杀意念和负面影响。
无结构时期较高的重评特征输出，即情绪调节自发倾向的指标，与压力源后自杀意念的更大增加相关（b = 0.083，p = .041）。疏离回忆较高的特征输出，即被指导时进行情绪调节能力的指标，与压力源后的较低负面影响相关（b = -0.085，p = .029）。沉浸式时期的输出与生态瞬时评估结果无关。
研究结果表明，在重度抑郁症中，对负面记忆做出重评尝试的自发倾向可能表明对负面线索的反应性更强，而被指导时使用重评的完整能力可能与对压力的更适应性反应相关。这些数据对于理解抑郁症中与压力相关的自杀风险增加具有启示意义。
