Steklis Netzin G, Peñaherrera-Aguirre Mateo, Steklis Horst Dieter, Herrera Isabel
Human-Animal Interaction Research Initiative, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Aug 14;14(16):2355. doi: 10.3390/ani14162355.
Since Darwin, many evolutionary and behavioral researchers have considered the role of phenotypic traits that favor the domestication of nonhuman animals. Among such proposed traits are a species' social structure, level of intra- and interspecific agonistic interactions, sociosexual behaviors, parental strategies, reaction to humans, habitat preference, dietary habits, developmental trajectories, and utility to humans. However, little to no comparative phylogenetic evidence exists concerning the importance of these attributes for the domestication of animals. Moreover, rather than considering domestication as a dichotomous event (non-domesticated vs. domesticated), humans and their potential domesticates encountered numerous socioecological challenges/obstacles during the domestication process before reaching the stage of full domestication. The present study explored the influence of adult body mass, gregariousness, dietary breadth, and reaction to humans on the domestication process of ungulates. The phylogenetic comparative model revealed that capture myopathy (CM), as a proxy for reaction to humans, negatively and significantly influenced the domestication process. The present paper also explored the evolution of CM in equine species in response to the presence of large carnivoran predators during the Pleistocene. Ecologies that preserved most of the large carnivoran predators of equine species also featured more equine taxa with CM (e.g., zebras), which were thus less suitable for domestication.
自达尔文时代以来，许多进化和行为研究人员都思考过有利于非人类动物驯化的表型特征所起的作用。这类被提出的特征包括物种的社会结构、种内和种间争斗互动的程度、社会性行为、亲代策略、对人类的反应、栖息地偏好、饮食习惯、发育轨迹以及对人类的效用。然而，关于这些属性对动物驯化的重要性，几乎没有比较系统发育学证据。此外，人类及其潜在的驯化对象在达到完全驯化阶段之前的驯化过程中，并非经历了非驯化与驯化这一两分法事件，而是遇到了众多社会生态挑战/障碍。本研究探讨了成年体重、群居性、食性广度以及对人类的反应对有蹄类动物驯化过程的影响。系统发育比较模型表明，作为对人类反应的一种替代指标，捕获性肌病（CM）对驯化过程产生了负面且显著的影响。本文还探讨了更新世时期马科动物中CM的进化，以应对大型食肉动物的存在。保留了大多数马科动物大型食肉动物的生态环境中，也有更多具有CM的马科分类群（如斑马），因此这些分类群不太适合驯化。
