Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil.
Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis 25964-004, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jul 29;21(8):992. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21080992.
This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Brazilian children aged 6-23 months and to investigate their association with maternal socio-demographic factors. Data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey were used in this cross-sectional study. Mothers of 1616 children aged 6-23 months reported on their children's dietary intake. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis, and their associations with maternal socio-demographic characteristics were assessed using linear regression models. The first consisted of healthy patterns and the second, unhealthy ones. Linear regression showed that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was higher among children of mothers who were older (β = 0.02, = 0.01), had more years of education (β = 0.49, = 0.04), reported living with a partner (β = 0.29, = 0.01), and resided in an urban area (β = 0.35, = 0.01). Conversely, adherence to the unhealthy pattern was positively associated with mothers who declared themselves as black or brown (β = 0.25, = 0.03). Our results show that older mothers with higher levels of education and paid work and who live with a partner are more likely to contribute to their children's healthy eating patterns. We conclude that socio-demographic factors may influence the quality of the food offered to children. Nevertheless, advocating for public policies promoting nutritious complementary diets emphasising fresh and minimally processed foods remains crucial for children whose mothers do not possess these favourable socio-demographic characteristics.
本研究旨在确定 6-23 个月大的巴西儿童的饮食模式，并探讨其与母亲社会人口因素的关系。本横断面研究使用了 2019 年巴西国家健康调查的数据。1616 名 6-23 个月大儿童的母亲报告了他们孩子的饮食摄入情况。使用主成分分析来识别饮食模式，并使用线性回归模型评估其与母亲社会人口特征的关联。第一个模式是健康模式，第二个模式是不健康模式。线性回归表明，遵循健康饮食模式的儿童，其母亲年龄较大（β=0.02，p=0.01）、受教育年限较长（β=0.49，p=0.04）、报告与伴侣同住（β=0.29，p=0.01）和居住在城市地区（β=0.35，p=0.01）的比例较高。相反，不健康模式的依从性与自称黑人和棕色人种的母亲呈正相关（β=0.25，p=0.03）。我们的结果表明，受教育程度和有薪工作较高、与伴侣同住的年长母亲更有可能促进孩子的健康饮食习惯。我们得出结论，社会人口因素可能会影响提供给儿童的食物质量。然而，倡导促进营养补充饮食的公共政策，强调新鲜和最少加工的食物，对于那些母亲不具备这些有利社会人口特征的儿童仍然至关重要。
