The effect of pH on the selection of carbaryl-degrading bacteria from garden soil.

At an alkaline pH and in an aqueous solution carbaryl hydrolyses to form 1-naphthol, methylamine and carbon dioxide, but it is much more stable at an acid pH. Soil perfusion column experiments indicated that the rate of carbaryl degradation at pH 6.0 to 7.0 was limited by the rate of chemical hydrolysis. Bacterial communities of at least 12 and 14 members were selected in continuous cultures using carbaryl as the sole carbon and nitrogen source at pH 6.0. These communities were supported by the slow formation of hydrolysis products and a carbaryl-degrading bacterium was not selected after greater than 2000 h. A bacterial community of at least eight members was selected using equimolar 1-naphthol and methylamine as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. In contrast, after a lag of between 10 and 50 days, soil perfusion column and continuous culture enrichments at pH 5.2 and 5.0, respectively, led to the selection of a Pseudomonas sp. which could utilize carbaryl as its sole carbon and nitrogen source.