Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
Molecules. 2024 Aug 10;29(16):3801. doi: 10.3390/molecules29163801.
Gluten-free bread is increasingly popular among individuals with celiac disease, and The incorporation of mushroom flour offers a novel method to enhance its nutritional profile, antioxidant content, and sensory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and sensory characteristics of gluten-free bread with varying amounts of chaga mushroom flour (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The total contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were measured using a spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH and FRAP methods, while textural properties were evaluated using the TPA test. Bread colour was analysed using the CIELab system, and sensory evaluation was performed by a panel of trained consumers. The results showed that gluten-free bread enriched with chaga flour had increased polyphenol and flavonoid content and enhanced antioxidant activity. The highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH, and FRAP activity were found in bread with 20% chaga. The addition of chaga mushroom significantly affected the bread's hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Specifically, 20% chaga flour had the most pronounced effect on hardness and elasticity, while 15% chaga flour had the greatest impact on chewiness and cohesiveness. The bread's colour darkened with higher chaga concentrations. The results of sensory evaluation showed a negative correlation between consumer preferences and bread fortified with chaga mushroom flour. The overall consumer acceptability score indicates that only a small addition of mushroom flour (up to 10%) can be used to bake gluten-free bread.
无麸质面包在乳糜泻患者中越来越受欢迎,而蘑菇粉的加入为提高其营养成分、抗氧化含量和感官特性提供了一种新方法。本研究旨在评估不同添加量(5%、10%、15%、20%)桦褐孔菌蘑菇粉的无麸质面包的抗氧化和感官特性。采用分光光度法测定多酚和类黄酮的总含量。通过 DPPH 和 FRAP 法评估抗氧化活性,通过 TPA 试验评估质构特性。采用 CIELab 系统分析面包颜色,由一组经过培训的消费者进行感官评价。结果表明,添加桦褐孔菌蘑菇粉的无麸质面包中多酚和类黄酮含量增加,抗氧化活性增强。在含有 20%桦褐孔菌的面包中,多酚、类黄酮、DPPH 和 FRAP 活性的含量最高。桦褐孔菌蘑菇的添加显著影响面包的硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性。具体来说,20%桦褐孔菌蘑菇粉对硬度和弹性的影响最为显著,而 15%桦褐孔菌蘑菇粉对咀嚼性和内聚性的影响最大。随着桦褐孔菌浓度的增加,面包的颜色变深。感官评价的结果表明,消费者对添加桦褐孔菌蘑菇粉的面包的偏好与面包的感官特性呈负相关。总体消费者接受度评分表明,仅可使用少量蘑菇粉(最高 10%)来烘焙无麸质面包。