Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu Str., 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 16;16(16):2726. doi: 10.3390/nu16162726.
Carotenoids, the natural pigments that confer the bright orange color of sea buckthorn berries, are also associated with several health benefits, such as antioxidant activity and skin and eye protection. Due to their lipophilic nature and localization, carotenoids are largely retained in the sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) resulting from juice production. Carotenoids from SBP (70.03 mg/100 g DW), extracted and characterized by HPLC-PDA, contained zeaxanthin (free and esterified) and beta-carotene as major compounds. The SBP carotenoids-enriched sunflower oil was further encapsulated in Ca-alginate hydrogel beads (98.4% encapsulation efficiency) using ionotropic gelation. The hydrogel beads were characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fairly good stability (>64%) of the encapsulated carotenoids in the alginate hydrogel beads during storage (30 days, 4 °C and 25 °C) was found, with zeaxanthin esters being the most stable compounds, for all the experimental conditions. The bioaccessibility of the total carotenoids (INFOGEST protocol) was 42.1 ± 4.6% from hydrated, and, respectively, 40.8 ± 4% from dehydrated SBP alginate hydrogel beads. The addition of yogurt to the dehydrated hydrogel beads had a positive effect on the bioaccessibility of free and esterified zeaxanthin, but not on that of the carotenes. In conclusion, SBP is a valuable source of carotenoids which can be protected by encapsulation in alginate hydrogel beads, thus still retaining a good bioaccessibility.
类胡萝卜素是赋予沙棘浆果鲜艳橙色的天然色素，也与多种健康益处相关，如抗氧化活性、对皮肤和眼睛的保护。由于其亲脂性和定位，类胡萝卜素在沙棘果渣（SBP）中大量保留，SBP 是果汁生产的副产物。通过 HPLC-PDA 提取和表征，从 SBP 中提取的类胡萝卜素（70.03mg/100gDW）含有叶黄素（游离和酯化）和β-胡萝卜素作为主要化合物。富含 SBP 类胡萝卜素的葵花籽油通过离子凝胶化进一步封装在藻酸钠水凝胶珠中（封装效率为 98.4%）。通过共焦激光扫描显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对水凝胶珠进行了表征。在储存过程中（30 天，4°C 和 25°C），藻酸钠水凝胶珠中封装的类胡萝卜素稳定性良好（>64%），所有实验条件下，叶黄素酯是最稳定的化合物。INFOGEST 方案测定的总类胡萝卜素（包括游离态和酯化态）的生物可利用度分别为水化态的 42.1±4.6%和脱水态的 40.8±4%。向脱水水凝胶珠中添加酸奶对游离态和酯化态叶黄素的生物可利用度有积极影响，但对类胡萝卜素的生物可利用度没有影响。总之，SBP 是类胡萝卜素的有价值来源，可以通过封装在藻酸钠水凝胶珠中得到保护，从而仍然保持良好的生物可利用度。
