Kostinova Aristitsa Mikhailovna, Latysheva Elena Alexandrovna, Kostinov Mikhail Petrovich, Akhmatova Nelly Kimovna, Skhodova Svetlana Anatolyevna, Vlasenko Anna Egorovna, Cherdantsev Alexander Petrovich, Soloveva Irina Leonidovna, Khrapunova Isabella Abramovna, Loktionova Marina Nikolaevna, Khromova Ekaterina Alexandrovna, Poddubikov Arseniy Alexandrovich
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Kashirskoe Shosse, 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Jul 25;12(8):843. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080843.
The problem of identifying vaccine-specific T-cell responses is still a matter of debate. Currently, there are no universal, clearly defined, agreed upon criteria for assessing the effectiveness of vaccinations and their immunogenicity for the cellular component of immunity, even for healthy people. But for patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), especially those with antibody deficiencies, evaluating cellular immunity holds significant importance.
To examine the effect of one and two doses of inactivated adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccines on the expression of endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the immune cells and the primary lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
During 2018-2019, six CVID patients received one dose of a quadrivalent adjuvanted influenza vaccine; in 2019-2020, nine patients were vaccinated with two doses of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. The proportion of key lymphocyte subpopulations and expression levels of TLRs were analyzed using flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies.
No statistically significant alterations in the absolute values of the main lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in CVID patients before or after vaccination with the different immunization protocols. However, after vaccination, a higher expression of TLR3 and TLR9 in granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes was found in those patients who received two vaccine doses rather than one single dose.
This study marks the first instance of using a simultaneous two-dose vaccination, which is associated with an elevated level of TLR expression in the immune cells. Administration of the adjuvanted vaccines in CVID patients appears promising. Further research into their impact on innate immunity and the development of more effective vaccination regimens is warranted.
识别疫苗特异性T细胞反应的问题仍存在争议。目前，即使对于健康人群，也没有通用、明确界定且得到认可的标准来评估疫苗接种的有效性及其对细胞免疫成分的免疫原性。但对于先天性免疫缺陷（IEI）患者，尤其是那些存在抗体缺陷的患者，评估细胞免疫具有重要意义。
研究一剂和两剂灭活佐剂亚单位流感疫苗对常见变异免疫缺陷（CVID）患者免疫细胞和主要淋巴细胞亚群内体Toll样受体（TLR）表达的影响。
在2018 - 2019年期间，6名CVID患者接种了一剂四价佐剂流感疫苗；在2019 - 2020年期间，9名患者接种了两剂三价灭活流感疫苗。使用单克隆抗体通过流式细胞术分析关键淋巴细胞亚群的比例和TLR的表达水平。
在采用不同免疫方案接种疫苗前后，CVID患者主要淋巴细胞亚群的绝对值未观察到统计学上的显著变化。然而，接种疫苗后，接受两剂疫苗而非一剂疫苗的患者的粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞中TLR3和TLR9的表达更高。
本研究首次使用了同时接种两剂疫苗的方式，这与免疫细胞中TLR表达水平升高有关。在CVID患者中接种佐剂疫苗似乎很有前景。有必要进一步研究其对先天免疫的影响以及制定更有效的疫苗接种方案。
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