Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
Drug Dev Res. 2024 Sep;85(6):e22253. doi: 10.1002/ddr.22253.
Vesicular nanosystems are a cornerstone to the contemporary drug delivery paradigm owing to their ability to encapsulate a variety of drug molecules, which improves the overall pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the cargo drug. These systems have proven potential in the delivery of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic "Doxorubicin" (DOX), which faces frequent challenge relating to its nonspecific interactions, dose-limiting toxicity (myelosuppression being the most common manifestation), and short half-life (distribution half-life of 5 min, terminal half-life of 20-48 h), which limit its overall clinical effectiveness. "Smart" nanomicelles with stimuli-responsive linkages take advantage of tumor microenvironment for deploying the cargo drug at the target site, which prevents nonspecific distribution and, hence, low toxicity. Similarly, those with stealth properties evade protein response, which triggers the immunogenic response. The nanomicelles co-loaded with magnetic nanoparticles provide additional utility such as contrast enhancement agents in theranostics. Overall, the starch-based nanomicelles prove to be an excellent delivery system for overcoming the limitations associated with the conventional DOX delivery regime.
囊泡纳米系统是当代药物输送范式的基石，因为它们能够封装各种药物分子，从而改善了货物药物的整体药代动力学和生物利用度。这些系统在递送疏水性化疗药物“多柔比星”（DOX）方面具有巨大的潜力，DOX 面临着与其非特异性相互作用、剂量限制毒性（骨髓抑制是最常见的表现）和半衰期短（分布半衰期为 5 分钟，终末半衰期为 20-48 小时）相关的频繁挑战，这限制了其整体临床效果。具有刺激响应性连接的“智能”纳米胶束利用肿瘤微环境在靶部位释放货物药物，从而防止非特异性分布和因此产生的低毒性。同样，具有隐身特性的纳米胶束可以逃避触发免疫反应的蛋白反应。载有磁性纳米颗粒的纳米胶束还提供了附加功能，如治疗学中的造影增强剂。总体而言，基于淀粉的纳米胶束被证明是克服与传统 DOX 输送方案相关的局限性的优秀输送系统。
