College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Aug 29;46(10):404. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02099-9.
Cadmium (Cd) has become an important heavy metal pollutant because of its strong migration and high toxicity. The industrial production process aggravated the Cd pollution in rice fields. Human exposure to Cd through rice can cause kidney damage, emphysema, and various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, posing a grave threat to health. As modern technology develops, the Cd accumulation model in rice and in-situ remediation of Cd pollution in cornfields have been extensively studied and applied, so it is necessary to sort out and summarize them systematically. Therefore, this paper reviewed the primary in-situ methods for addressing heavy metal contamination in rice paddies, including chemical remediation (inorganic-organic fertilizer remediation, nanomaterials, and composite remediation), biological remediation (phytoremediation and microbial remediation), and crop management remediation technologies. The factors that affect Cd transformation in soil and Cd migration in crops, the advantages and disadvantages of remediation techniques, remediation mechanisms, and the long-term stability of remediation were discussed. The shortcomings and future research directions of in situ remediation strategies for heavily polluted paddy fields and genetic improvement strategies for low-cadmium rice varieties were critically proposed. To sum up, this review aims to enhance understanding and serve as a reference for the appropriate selection and advancement of remediation technologies for rice fields contaminated with heavy metals.
镉 (Cd) 因其较强的迁移性和高毒性而成为一种重要的重金属污染物。工业生产过程加剧了稻田中的镉污染。人类通过食用大米摄入镉会导致肾脏损伤、肺气肿和各种心血管和代谢疾病，对健康构成严重威胁。随着现代技术的发展，水稻中镉的积累模型和稻田原位修复镉污染已得到广泛研究和应用，因此有必要对其进行系统地梳理和总结。因此，本文综述了稻田重金属污染的原位修复方法，包括化学修复（无机-有机肥料修复、纳米材料和复合修复）、生物修复（植物修复和微生物修复）和作物管理修复技术。讨论了影响土壤中 Cd 转化和作物中 Cd 迁移的因素、修复技术的优缺点、修复机制以及修复的长期稳定性。对重度污染稻田的原位修复策略的缺点和未来研究方向以及低镉水稻品种的遗传改良策略进行了批判性的提出。总之，本综述旨在增强对重金属污染稻田修复技术的适当选择和推进的理解，并为其提供参考。
