Food and Resource Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Science. 2024 Aug 30;385(6712):eado9340. doi: 10.1126/science.ado9340.
Genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world's leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impact remains largely unknown. Although concerns regarding the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns, with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts.
转基因（GM）作物已被世界上一些主要农业国家采用，但它们对环境的全面影响在很大程度上仍不清楚。尽管人们对转基因作物直接环境影响的担忧有所减少，但转基因作物导致了农业实践的间接变化，包括农药使用、农业扩张和种植模式的改变，对环境产生了深远的影响。最近的研究描绘了这些环境影响的微妙图景，转基因作物的采用对生物多样性、森林砍伐和人类健康的影响因转基因特性和地理规模而异，有好有坏。具有不同特性的新型转基因或基因编辑作物可能会对环境和人类健康产生不同的影响。
