Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, District Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India.
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India.
Environ Res. 2024 Dec 1;262(Pt 1):119851. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119851. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
The study investigated soil quality around brick kilns in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, analyzing 200 samples from 50 sites for selected parameters such as pH, electrical conductiv1ity, soil temperature, organic carbon content, organic matter, macronutrients, and heavy metals. The findings revealed that soil electrical conductivity ranged from 0.33 to 0.63 dS/m, with significant differences observed at varying distances from the kilns. Copper concentrations were highest at 5.32 mg/kg near the kilns, while iron and lead levels also varied significantly, indicating potential contamination. The mean soil temperature was recorded to be 27.69°C.The pH values ranged from 6.5 to 7.8, and the average pH of 8.22 indicated the slightly alkaline nature of the soil around the brick kilns. The organic carbon ranged from 0.34% to 1.02%.Soil temperature and electrical conductivity decreased with increasing distance from the kilns, with temperature showing positive correlations with organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, and iron and negative correlations with pH, phosphorus, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium. A perfect positive correlation was noted among nitrogen, organic carbon, and organic matter. Heavy metals, except for zinc and manganese, showed positive correlations with each other. The average Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Cd concentration was recorded as 1.07, 1.03, 6.71, 10.30, 37.04 and 1.91 ppm, respectively. The contamination factor indicated moderate contamination with lead and cadmium, while the geo-accumulation index also suggested moderate contamination. The pollution load index reflected unpolluted soil and enrichment factor values for heavy metals ranked as Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Mn > Fe.ANOVA results revealed significant variations in electrical conductivity, copper, iron, and lead, underscoring the potential environmental impacts at different distances from the kilns. However, no significant differences were found between agricultural and non-agricultural sites in other physicochemical parameters. These variations highlight the considerable impact of brick kilns on soil health, emphasizing the need for enhanced environmental management and further research to mitigate these effects.
本研究调查了查谟和克什米尔邦贾姆地区砖窑周围的土壤质量，从 50 个地点采集了 200 个样本，分析了选定参数，如 pH 值、电导率、土壤温度、有机碳含量、有机质、大量营养元素和重金属。研究结果表明，土壤电导率范围在 0.33 至 0.63 dS/m 之间，在离窑不同距离处存在显著差异。在离窑最近的地方，铜浓度最高，达到 5.32 毫克/千克，而铁和铅的水平也有显著差异，表明存在潜在的污染。记录的平均土壤温度为 27.69°C。pH 值范围在 6.5 到 7.8 之间，平均 pH 值为 8.22，表明砖窑周围土壤呈弱碱性。有机碳含量范围在 0.34%到 1.02%之间。土壤温度和电导率随离窑距离的增加而降低，温度与有机碳、有机质、氮、钾、锰和铁呈正相关，与 pH 值、磷、锌、铜、铅和镉呈负相关。氮、有机碳和有机质之间存在完美的正相关关系。除锌和锰外，重金属之间存在正相关关系。记录的平均 Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Pb 和 Cd 浓度分别为 1.07、1.03、6.71、10.30、37.04 和 1.91 ppm。污染因子表明铅和镉存在中度污染，而地积累指数也表明存在中度污染。污染负荷指数反映了土壤未受污染，重金属的富集因子值排序为 Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Mn > Fe。方差分析结果表明，电导率、铜、铁和铅存在显著差异，这突显了离窑不同距离处的潜在环境影响。然而，在其他物理化学参数方面，农业和非农业地点之间没有发现显著差异。这些变化突出了砖窑对土壤健康的重大影响，强调需要加强环境管理和进一步研究，以减轻这些影响。
