Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida Park, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa.
Smart Places Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Nov 15;361:124842. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124842. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) has recently been recognized as a promising technique for degrading persistent organic pollutants, such as phenol, in wastewater. Among various catalysts, Pillared Interlayer Clays (PILCs) stand out due to their high specific surface area and porous nature. This review delves into the latest progress in CWAO processes utilizing PILCs for the degradation of organic contaminants such as phenol in wastewater. It meticulously assesses the synthesis of PILCs, and their structural properties, including monolithic forms, to understand their effect on catalyst efficiency. Key insights into how these attributes affect the phenol degradation rate and the CWAO process's stability are discussed, providing crucial direction for enhancing catalyst performance. The review highlights the significance of choosing catalysts that offer a balance between cost-efficiency and operational efficacy under mild conditions. The recent results are reported, summarized, and compared, thus proving the feasibility of using PILCs as promising materials for phenol removal. The reaction parameters, phenol conversion, and degradation mechanisms are highlighted. The catalytic efficiency of PILCs was significantly affected by the synthesis methods and reaction parameters, and outperformed most costly catalysts. PILCs are highlighted as especially advantageous catalysts, offering strong performance at lower costs, which boosts the up-scaling opportunities of CWAO methods. This analysis also points out research gaps and proposes directions for future studies, such as exploring innovative PILC synthesis methods to improve their catalytic effectiveness and durability further. It stresses the need to incorporate environmental and sustainability considerations into catalyst design and selection, aligning with the principles of green chemistry in wastewater treatment. Finally, we conclude that proposing new directions for PILCs in CWAO in further naturally-based surface modifications, is also a promising approach for PILCs to perform more efficiently.
催化湿式氧化（CWAO）最近被认为是一种很有前途的技术，可以降解废水中的持久性有机污染物，如苯酚。在各种催化剂中，层柱粘土（PILCs）因其高比表面积和多孔性质而脱颖而出。本综述深入探讨了利用 PILCs 降解废水中有机污染物（如苯酚）的 CWAO 工艺的最新进展。它详细评估了 PILCs 的合成及其结构特性，包括整体形式，以了解它们对催化剂效率的影响。讨论了这些属性如何影响苯酚降解速率和 CWAO 过程的稳定性的关键见解，为提高催化剂性能提供了重要指导。该综述强调了在温和条件下选择具有成本效益和操作效能平衡的催化剂的重要性。报告、总结和比较了最近的结果，从而证明了 PILCs 作为去除苯酚的有前途的材料的可行性。突出了反应参数、苯酚转化率和降解机制。PILCs 的催化效率受合成方法和反应参数的显著影响，其性能优于大多数昂贵的催化剂。PILCs 被强调为特别有利的催化剂，以较低的成本提供强大的性能，从而提高了 CWAO 方法的扩大规模机会。该分析还指出了研究差距，并提出了未来研究的方向，例如探索创新的 PILC 合成方法，以进一步提高其催化效果和耐久性。它强调了在催化剂设计和选择中纳入环境和可持续性考虑因素的必要性，与废水处理中的绿色化学原则保持一致。最后，我们得出结论，提出在自然表面修饰方面进一步提出 PILC 在 CWAO 中的新方向，也是 PILC 更有效地发挥作用的一种很有前途的方法。
