School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA.
Cancer Treat Res. 2024;192:233-263. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61238-1_12.
In USA, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, second in women, as well as the third leading cause of cancer deaths (Siegel et al. in Cancer J Clin 73:1-112, 2023 [109]). Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death and causes almost 916,000 deaths each year (Ferlay in Global cancer observatory: cancer today. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2020 [28]). Fortunately, due to the colon's surgical and endoscopic accessibility and functional redundancy, colorectal cancer is very treatable. Colonoscopic surveillance has the potential for not only providing tissue for the diagnosis of precancerous polyps and invasive carcinoma, but also preventing development of invasive carcinoma by the removal of precancerous lesions. This chapter discusses the clinical and pathologic features of the spectrum of epithelial, hematolymphoid, and mesenchymal malignant tumors of the colon, rectum, appendix, and anus.
在美国，结直肠癌是男性中第三大常见癌症，在女性中第二大常见癌症，也是癌症死亡的第三大主要原因（Siegel 等人，Cancer J Clin 73:1-112, 2023 [109]）。在全球范围内，结直肠癌是第二大死亡原因，每年导致近 91.6 万人死亡（Ferlay，Global cancer observatory: cancer today. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2020 [28]）。幸运的是，由于结肠具有手术和内镜可及性以及功能冗余性，结直肠癌非常可治疗。结肠镜检查监测不仅有潜力提供用于诊断癌前息肉和浸润性癌的组织，还可以通过切除癌前病变来预防浸润性癌的发展。本章讨论了结肠、直肠、阑尾和肛门的上皮、血液淋巴和间叶恶性肿瘤的谱的临床和病理特征。
