Eddy D M
Ciba Found Symp. 1985;110:88-109. doi: 10.1002/9780470720912.ch7.
With careful selection of procedures, frequencies and risk groups, the periodic screening of adults for cancer can be a highly cost-effective medical activity. This paper summarizes the evidence of effectiveness of screening, the expected reduction in mortality, the risks and costs of screening, and the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies for cancer of the breast, colon, lung, cervix, endometrium and oral cavity. Some of the most pressing questions to be discussed concern the value of mammography, the frequency of the Pap smear, sigmoidoscopy, the value of chest X-rays and sputum cytology in the detection of lung cancer, and the current status of screening for cancers of the endometrium and oral cavity.
通过仔细选择检查程序、频率和风险群体，对成年人进行癌症定期筛查可以成为一项极具成本效益的医疗活动。本文总结了筛查有效性的证据、预期的死亡率降低情况、筛查的风险和成本，以及乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和口腔癌筛查策略的成本效益。一些亟待讨论的关键问题涉及乳腺钼靶检查的价值、巴氏涂片检查、乙状结肠镜检查的频率、胸部X光和痰细胞学检查在肺癌检测中的价值，以及子宫内膜癌和口腔癌筛查的现状。
