Department of International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Nursing Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Nurse Educ Pract. 2024 Oct;80:104103. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104103. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
To comprehend the perspectives of undergraduate nursing students on conducting specialized nursing education during the internship phase, providing a basis for colleges to formulate plans for specialized nursing education.
Nursing specialty in China was included in the national controlled specialty in 2024, which means signifying an effort to decrease the enrollment of junior college degree nurses, thereby increasing the number of high-quality undergraduate nurses. While the higher the education level of nursing students, the higher their expectations for themselves. However, after entering clinical practice, their social status and job nature are significantly different from those of doctors, which creates a psychological imbalance. In addition, employers lack a reasonable employment mechanism and undergraduate nursing students are used equally with vocational and technical nursing students, making them feel that their self-worth is difficult to realize. Therefore, their professional attitude becomes more negative (Meng Wei, 2018). In the process of forming professional identity among undergraduate nursing students, the professional role models and clinical experience of specialized nurses can serve as important promoting factors. By increasing interaction with specialized nurses and learning specialized nursing, undergraduate nursing students can better understand the professional role and values of nurses and form positive professional ethics and attitudes (Huang et al., 2023). To better adapt to the national health needs and assist undergraduates in transitioning to clinical practice, deepening the understanding of the profession and career, the integration of professional education during the internship phase can enable students to recognize their strengths, cultivate an awareness of suitable professions and facilitate a targeted adaptation from academic studies to clinical practice.
The researcher initially drafted the interview outline through a literature review and intra-group discussions. To ensure the research content's richness, a semi-structured interview method was adopted. The Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was applied in the analysis.
Employing phenomenological study and purposive sampling, with data saturation as the guiding principle, 24 undergraduate nursing students undergoing internship at a tertiary hospital in China were selected for focus group interviews.
Four main themes were extracted from the perspectives of undergraduate nursing students. These themes encompass awareness of specialized nursing and specialized nurses, recognition of specialized nursing education during the internship phase, demands for specialized nursing education during the internship phase and career expectations.
Nursing administrators in hospitals and educational managers in colleges should prioritize align education with clinical needs, address the requirements of nursing students, strengthen collaboration between institutions，and advance the further development of specialized nursing.
了解本科护生对实习阶段开展专科护理教育的看法，为院校制定专科护理教育计划提供依据。
我国护理专科于 2024 年被纳入国家控制专业，这意味着要减少大专学历护士的招生，从而增加高质量本科护士的数量。然而，护理学生的受教育程度越高，他们对自己的期望就越高。但是，进入临床实践后，他们的社会地位和职业性质与医生有很大的不同，这会造成心理上的不平衡。此外，用人单位缺乏合理的用人机制，本科护生与职业技术护生同工同酬，使他们觉得自己的自我价值难以实现。因此，他们的专业态度变得更加消极（孟伟，2018）。在本科护生形成专业认同的过程中，专科护士的专业榜样和临床经验可以作为重要的促进因素。通过增加与专科护士的互动和学习专科护理，本科护生可以更好地了解护士的专业角色和价值观，形成积极的职业道德和态度（Huang 等人，2023）。为了更好地适应国家卫生需求，帮助本科生过渡到临床实践，深化对专业和职业的认识，在实习阶段整合专业教育，可以使学生认识到自己的优势，培养职业意识，有针对性地从学术学习过渡到临床实践。
研究人员通过文献回顾和组内讨论初步起草了访谈大纲。为了确保研究内容的丰富性，采用半结构化访谈法。采用 Colaizzi 七步分析法进行分析。
采用现象学研究和目的性抽样，以数据饱和为指导原则，选取中国一家三甲医院实习的 24 名本科护生进行焦点小组访谈。
从本科护生的角度提取出 4 个主要主题。这些主题包括对专科护理和专科护士的认识、对实习阶段专科护理教育的认识、对实习阶段专科护理教育的需求以及职业期望。
医院护理管理人员和院校教育管理人员应优先考虑教育与临床需求的一致性，满足护理学生的要求，加强院校间的合作，推动专科护理的进一步发展。
