Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2024 Dec;286:110018. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110018. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
Various factors may affect the antioxidative system in insects, including xenobiotics. Glycoalkaloids (GAs) are plant secondary metabolites produced mainly by the Solanaceae family (nightshades), such as the food crop tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities and have attracted increasing interest in the context of potential insecticide properties. Therefore, the aim of the presented study was to analyze the effects of GAs (solanine, chaconine, tomatine, and extracts of tomato leaves) on lipid peroxidation; the expression levels of genes encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70); and the enzymatic activity of SOD and CAT in Tenebrio molitor larvae. This species is amodel organism for toxicological and ecophysiological studies and is also a pest of grain storage. The reported changes depend on the GA concentration, incubation time, and type of insect tissue. We observed that the tested GAs affected MnSOD expression levels, increased SOD activity in the fat body, and reduced enzyme activity in the gut. The results showed that CAT expression was upregulated in the fat body and that the enzymatic activity of CAT in the gut was greater in the treated group than in the control group. Moreover, GAs affected HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde levels in both tested tissues. This research contributes to our knowledge about the effects of GAs on the antioxidative system of T. molitor beetles. As efficient antioxidative system functioning is necessary for survival, the tested components may be targets of potential bioinsecticides.
各种因素都可能影响昆虫的抗氧化系统，包括外来物质。糖苷生物碱（GA）是植物次生代谢物，主要由茄科（茄科）产生，如粮食作物番茄 Solanum lycopersicum L. 这些化合物具有广泛的生物活性，并且在潜在杀虫剂特性方面引起了越来越多的关注。因此，本研究的目的是分析糖苷生物碱（龙葵碱、茄碱、番茄碱和番茄叶提取物）对脂质过氧化的影响；编码锰超氧化物歧化酶（MnSOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和热休克蛋白 70（HSP70）的基因表达水平；以及 SOD 和 CAT 在黄粉虫幼虫中的酶活性。该物种是毒理学和生态生理学研究的模式生物，也是粮食储存害虫。报告的变化取决于 GA 浓度、孵育时间和昆虫组织类型。我们观察到，测试的 GA 影响 MnSOD 表达水平，增加脂肪体中的 SOD 活性，并降低肠道中的酶活性。结果表明，CAT 在脂肪体中的表达上调，并且处理组肠道中的 CAT 酶活性大于对照组。此外，GA 还影响 HSP70 在两种测试组织中的表达和丙二醛水平。这项研究有助于我们了解 GA 对 T. molitor 甲虫抗氧化系统的影响。由于有效的抗氧化系统功能对于生存是必要的，因此测试的成分可能是潜在生物杀虫剂的靶标。
