Wegmann Jake, Jiao Junfeng
Community and Regional Planning program, School of Architecture, University of Texas at Austin, United States.
Land use policy. 2017 Dec;69:494-501. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.025. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Urban vacation rentals, a phenomenon that has grown explosively very recently, bring benefits to cities but also impose quality of life and housing market impacts on neighborhoods. As a consequence, cities are beginning to grapple with creating regulatory regimes for managing this new land use and its encroachments on residential areas. This article uses webscraped data from Airbnb, the industry leader, to analyze the geographical patterns and concentrations of these impacts in five US cities: Austin, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, DC. It uses the findings to put forth four general principles for cities seeking to manage impacts imposed by Airbnb and its competitors. These are that webscraping is an imperfect but relatively cheap and effective means of gathering locally specific data; that "spiky" usage patterns dictate a microgeographic approach to regulation; that meaningful regulation necessitates dedicated enforcement, likely paid for with permit fees; and that it is desirable to distinguish between "mom-and-pop" hosts and those operating at a commercial scale.
城市度假租赁是一种近期急剧增长的现象，它给城市带来了好处，但也对社区的生活质量和住房市场产生了影响。因此，城市开始努力制定监管制度，以管理这种新的土地用途及其对居民区的侵蚀。本文使用行业领先者爱彼迎（Airbnb）的网络抓取数据，分析了美国五个城市（奥斯汀、波士顿、芝加哥、旧金山和华盛顿特区）这些影响的地理模式和集中情况。研究结果为寻求管理爱彼迎及其竞争对手所造成影响的城市提出了四项一般原则。即网络抓取是收集本地特定数据的一种不完美但相对廉价且有效的手段；“尖峰”使用模式决定了采用微观地理方法进行监管；有效的监管需要专门的执法，可能通过许可证费用来支付；区分“夫妻店”房东和商业规模运营者是可取的。
