Treatment and nutrient recovery from landfill leachate by sequential persulfate oxidation and struvite precipitation: An evaluation of technical feasibility.

The technical feasibility of advanced oxidation process, in particular persulfate (PS) oxidation followed by struvite precipitation for landfill leachate treatment and nutrient recovery has been depicted in the current study. Furthermore, the impact of activation of PS with thermal and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation techniques on COD removal efficiency is also investigated. A maximum COD removal efficiency of 96% is accomplished at 65 °C together with supply of UV irradiation. The impact of persulfate dose, pH, and PS/65 °C/UV system on COD and biodegradability is also illustrated in the current study. Additionally, decomposition rate constant values are also ascertained in the present study. Afterwards, nutrient recovery using struvite precipitation is carried out for sustainable utilization of resources. Preliminary treatment of leachate with PS/65 °C/UV system is greatly conducive to recovering high quality struvite crystals. Besides, 94.9%, 83.5%, and 91.3% of PO - P, NH - N, and Mg recovery efficiency attained respectively at pH 9.5 and 1.2:1:1 molar ratio of Mg: NH - N: PO - P. Additionally, all the nutrient recovery studies are validated using chemical equilibrium model Visual MINTEQ. Later, bioavailable fraction of PO - P in the recovered struvite is also investigated for utilization as fertilizer. The presence of Cu and Zn in the recovered struvite precipitate enhanced its economic value as a fertilizer. Since Cu and Zn are vital micronutrients for growth of plants. The low soluble values of recovered struvite precipitate confirmed its utilization as slow releasing fertilizer.