Surendran Hariharan, Akhas Punitha Kumar
Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 6;10(16):e35884. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35884. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.
Amidst rising natural aggregate consumption, recycling dumped waste for structural concrete effectively addresses resource scarcity and environmental contamination. Nevertheless, the adoption of toughened glass waste aggregate (TGWA) in construction remains relatively limited. This study explores the potential use of toughened glass waste (TGW) as a substitute for natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in high-performance concrete (HPC). This paper assesses the bond strength of deformed bars embedded in toughened glass waste high-performance concrete (TGW-HPC), considering different steel reinforcement diameters (8 mm and 12 mm) and various levels of TGW replacement (ranging from 0 % to 100 %). Various durability properties, including water absorption, water permeability, chloride ion penetration, and acid attack were examined. The study also investigated the microstructural characteristics of acid attacked specimens using techniques such as XRD, FTIR, and FESEM. Several important parameters, such as chloride diffusivity (D), hydraulic diffusivity (D (θ)), and permeability coefficients (K), were derived from the experimental data. The study found TGW50-HPC resulted in the highest bond strength, about 13.1 % more than the control mix. However, TGW100-HPC bond strength decreased by 17.51 % compared to the control mix. Notably, TGW100-HPC exhibited superior durability properties and showed the lowest coefficient of permeability, indicating reduced chloride ion, and water molecule transport through the interconnected pore structure. At 90 days, the TGW100-HPC mixture exhibited a strength reduction of 42.29 %, which closely resembled the 41.20 % reduction observed at 56 days. The formation of thenardite and basanite mitigate damage to the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) led to fewer micro-cracks and reduced acid ingress through the matrix. Incorporating TGWA in engineering projects can lead to cost savings through reduced raw material expenses and disposal fees, resulting in significant economic benefits and social well-being.
在天然骨料消费量不断上升的情况下，将废弃垃圾回收用于结构混凝土可有效解决资源短缺和环境污染问题。然而，建筑中钢化玻璃废骨料（TGWA）的应用仍然相对有限。本研究探讨了将钢化玻璃废料（TGW）用作高性能混凝土（HPC）中天然粗骨料（NCA）替代品的潜在用途。本文评估了嵌入钢化玻璃废料高性能混凝土（TGW-HPC）中的变形钢筋的粘结强度，考虑了不同的钢筋直径（8毫米和12毫米）以及不同水平的TGW替代率（从0%到100%）。研究了各种耐久性性能，包括吸水率、透水性、氯离子渗透性和酸侵蚀。该研究还使用XRD、FTIR和FESEM等技术研究了酸侵蚀试样的微观结构特征。从实验数据中得出了几个重要参数，如氯离子扩散系数（D）、水力扩散系数（D(θ)）和渗透系数（K）。研究发现TGW50-HPC的粘结强度最高，比对照混合料高出约13.1%。然而，与对照混合料相比，TGW100-HPC的粘结强度下降了17.51%。值得注意的是，TGW100-HPC表现出优异的耐久性性能，并且渗透系数最低，表明通过相互连通的孔隙结构的氯离子和水分子传输减少。在90天时，TGW100-HPC混合物的强度降低了42.29%，这与56天时观察到的41.20%的降低非常相似。无水芒硝和重晶石的形成减轻了对界面过渡区（ITZ）的损伤，导致微裂纹减少，并减少了酸通过基体的侵入。在工程项目中使用TGWA可以通过降低原材料费用和处置费用来节省成本，从而带来显著的经济效益和社会效益。
