Eckardt Nadine, Sinke Christopher, Bleich Stefan, Lichtinghagen Ralf, Zedler Markus
Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
Front Neurosci. 2024 Aug 19;18:1434309. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1434309. eCollection 2024.
Grapheme-color synesthesia is a normal and healthy variation of human perception. It is characterized by the association of letters or numbers with color perceptions. The etiology of synesthesia is not yet fully understood. Theories include hyperconnectivity in the brain, cross-activation of adjacent or functionally proximate sensory areas of the brain, or various models of lack of inhibitory function in the brain. The growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) plays an important role in the development of neurons, neuronal pathways, and synapses, as well as in the protection of existing neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. ELISA methods were used to compare BDNF serum concentrations between healthy test subjects with and without grapheme-color synesthesia to establish a connection between concentration and the occurrence of synesthesia. The results showed that grapheme-color synesthetes had an increased BDNF serum level compared to the matched control group. Increased levels of BDNF can enhance the brain's ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, injuries, or experiences, resulting in positive effects. It is discussed whether the integration of sensory information is associated with or results from increased neuroplasticity. The parallels between neurodegeneration and brain regeneration lead to the conclusion that synesthesia, in the sense of an advanced state of consciousness, is in some cases a more differentiated development of the brain rather than a relic of early childhood.
grapheme-color synesthesia 是一种正常且健康的人类感知变异。其特征是字母或数字与颜色感知相关联。联觉的病因尚未完全明确。理论包括大脑中的过度连接、大脑相邻或功能相近的感觉区域的交叉激活，或大脑中缺乏抑制功能的各种模型。生长因子脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在神经元、神经通路和突触的发育中起重要作用，同时也在中枢和外周神经系统中对现有神经元的保护中发挥作用。采用 ELISA 方法比较有和没有 grapheme-color synesthesia 的健康受试对象之间的 BDNF 血清浓度，以建立浓度与联觉发生之间的联系。结果表明，与匹配的对照组相比，grapheme-color 联觉者的 BDNF 血清水平有所升高。BDNF 水平升高可增强大脑适应不断变化的环境条件、损伤或经历的能力，从而产生积极影响。讨论了感觉信息的整合是否与神经可塑性增加相关或由其导致。神经退行性变与大脑再生之间的相似性得出这样的结论：从高级意识状态的角度来看，联觉在某些情况下是大脑更分化的发展，而不是童年早期的遗留物。
