Kutlutürk Gülbahar Zehra, Düvenci Elif Sine, Karagül Bora, Yaman Baki, Uğraş Halil İbrahim, Serdar Ümit, Arı Şule
İstanbul University Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Düzce University Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Düzce, Türkiye.
Turk J Pharm Sci. 2024 Sep 2;21(4):367-375. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.98572.
This study aimed to investigate the anticancer taxane profiles of edible and non-edible parts of seven Turkish hazelnut ( L.) genotypes. Hazelnut is one of the healthy foods rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Its regular consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease and cancer. Hazelnut has been described as a plant source that produces taxanes which are widely used in many cancers. Türkiye is a homeland of hazelnut culture and has its own cultivars. Investigation of anticancer taxane profiles in different parts of Turkish hazelnut genotypes is important to show the potential and value of this plant from the perspective of the pharmaceutical and food industries.
In this study, green leafy covers (GLCs) and hard shells (HSs) (non-edible parts), skinless kernels (SKs), brown-skins (BSs), and brown-skinned kernels (BSKs) (edible parts) of Çakıldak, Sivri, Tombul, Palaz, and Kalınkara as standard and Ham and Sivri Yağlı as local genotypes were used. The five parts of each genotype were ground to powder and eliminated to a size of less than 80 mesh. Each part was extracted using hexane and methanol for 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), baccatin III (BAC III), cephalomannine, and paclitaxel analyses in three replicates. Samples and standards were analyzed by acetonitrile: water gradient method on NOVA Spher 100 Phenyl-Hexyl C18 column inhigh-performance liquid chromatography reverse phase system with 228 nm ultraviolet detector and 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Microsoft Office Excel, 2016, and analysis of variance Jamovi Version 2.3 were used for statistical and data analysis, consecutively.
Hazelnut parts differed to a very high degree from each other in terms of the highest amount of 10- DAB III (Ham HSs, 9,15 μg/g), BAC III (Kalınkara BSs, 7.24 μg/g), cephalomannine (Sivri Yağlı BSs, 6.37 μg/g), and paclitaxel (Ham BSKs, 4.36 μg/g) they contained. While HSs, BSKs, and BSs were rich in taxanes in all of the analyzed genotypes, SKs, and GLCs remain limited for anticancer taxanes.
This is the first report that revealed the differences in taxane contents of Turkish hazelnuts including previously untested standard and local genotypes and their parts. Significant differences between genotype and hazelnut parts are expected to highlight the health benefits of consuming raw Turkish hazelnut with BSs and their possible use as a functional food. These results add more information to elucidate the bioactive potential of Turkish hazelnuts and their by-products and provide a promising resource for the food and pharmaceutical industry with an anticancer perspective.
本研究旨在调查7种土耳其榛子（L.）基因型的可食部分和不可食部分的抗癌紫杉烷谱。榛子是富含营养和抗氧化剂的健康食品之一。经常食用榛子与降低冠心病和癌症风险有关。榛子被描述为一种能产生紫杉烷的植物来源，紫杉烷广泛应用于多种癌症的治疗。土耳其是榛子种植文化的发源地，拥有自己的品种。研究土耳其榛子基因型不同部位的抗癌紫杉烷谱，对于从制药和食品工业角度展现这种植物的潜力和价值具有重要意义。
在本研究中，使用了恰尔达克、锡夫里、通布尔、帕拉兹和卡林卡拉作为标准基因型，哈姆和锡夫里亚ğlı作为当地基因型的绿叶覆盖物（GLCs）和硬壳（HSs）（不可食部分）、无皮果仁（SKs）、棕色果皮（BSs）以及带棕色果皮的果仁（BSKs）（可食部分）。将每个基因型的五个部分研磨成粉末，并筛选至小于80目大小。每个部分用己烷和甲醇进行提取，用于分析10 - 去乙酰巴卡亭III（10 - DAB III）、巴卡亭III（BAC III）、三尖杉宁碱和紫杉醇，共进行三次重复。样品和标准品通过乙腈：水梯度法在配备228 nm紫外检测器、流速为1.0 mL/min的高效液相色谱反相系统中的NOVA Spher 100苯基 - 己基C18柱上进行分析。依次使用Microsoft Office Excel 2016和方差分析软件Jamovi版本2.3进行统计和数据分析。
榛子各部分在所含10 - DAB III（哈姆硬壳，9.15μg/g）、BAC III（卡林卡拉棕色果皮，7.24μg/g）、三尖杉宁碱（锡夫里亚ğlı棕色果皮，6.37μg/g）和紫杉醇（哈姆带棕色果皮果仁，4.36μg/g）的最高含量方面差异极大。在所有分析的基因型中，硬壳、带棕色果皮果仁及棕色果皮富含紫杉烷，而无皮果仁及绿叶覆盖物的抗癌紫杉烷含量有限。
这是第一份揭示土耳其榛子包括此前未测试的标准和当地基因型及其各部分紫杉烷含量差异的报告。基因型和榛子各部分之间的显著差异有望突出食用带棕色果皮的生土耳其榛子的健康益处及其作为功能性食品的潜在用途。这些结果为阐明土耳其榛子及其副产品的生物活性潜力增添了更多信息，并为具有抗癌前景的食品和制药行业提供了有前景的资源。
