Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, 522000 Guangdong, China.
Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong, China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Oct 14;10(10):6078-6096. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01385. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease that is characterized by a rapid decline in renal function and has a relatively high incidence in hospitalized patients. Sepsis, renal hypoperfusion, and nephrotoxic drug exposure are the main causes of AKI. The major therapy measures currently include supportive treatment, symptomatic treatment, and kidney transplantation. These methods are supportive treatments, and their results are not satisfactory. Fortunately, many new treatments that markedly improve the AKI therapy efficiency are emerging. These include antioxidant therapy, ferroptosis therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, autophagy therapy, and antiapoptotic therapy. In addition, the development of nanotechnology has further promoted therapeutic effects on AKI. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of nanocarriers for AKI drug delivery. Emphasis has been placed on the latest developments in nanocarrier modification and design. We also summarize the applications of different nanocarriers in AKI treatment. Finally, the advantages and challenges of nanocarrier applications in AKI are summarized, and several nanomedicines that have been approved for clinical trials to treat diverse kidney diseases are listed.
急性肾损伤（AKI）是一种以肾功能迅速下降为特征的疾病，在住院患者中发病率相对较高。脓毒症、肾灌注不足和肾毒性药物暴露是 AKI 的主要病因。目前的主要治疗措施包括支持治疗、对症治疗和肾移植。这些方法都是支持性治疗，效果并不理想。幸运的是，许多显著提高 AKI 治疗效果的新治疗方法正在出现。这些方法包括抗氧化治疗、铁死亡治疗、抗炎治疗、自噬治疗和抗细胞凋亡治疗。此外，纳米技术的发展也进一步促进了 AKI 的治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了用于 AKI 药物递送的纳米载体的最新进展。强调了纳米载体修饰和设计的最新进展。我们还总结了不同纳米载体在 AKI 治疗中的应用。最后，总结了纳米载体在 AKI 中的应用的优势和挑战，并列出了几种已被批准用于临床试验以治疗多种肾脏疾病的纳米药物。
